Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1213–1221·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
Teruo Tanaka
Published Online: 23 Jan 2026DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-1327 In this paper: We consider fractional, or average reward, optimal stopping problems for multiparameter discrete-time stochastic processes indexed by Nd. We generalize the theory of multiparameter discrete-time optim...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1223–1235·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
J. Vijayarangam, N. Kalaivani, J. Viswanath, T. Karthikeyan
Published Online: 04 Apr 2026DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-2170 In this paper: A study of health of a human being is an ever interesting and fertile one for any re-searcher. This is one such study in which we use Markov chain for the modeling of the problem that identifies the h...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1237–1247·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
Teruo Tanaka
Published Online: 02 Feb 2026DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-1329 In this paper: We consider a discrete-time Markov decision process with a state space and an action space in general setting, evaluated according to a fractional discounting reward criterion. For the sake of discuss...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1249–1262·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
E. Mona Visalakshidevi, N. Kalaivani
Published Online: 04 Apr 2026DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-2171 In this paper: Game theory offers a logical method of examining social and competitive scenarios that involve several decision-makers. It allows one to investigate independent and interdependent decisions of players...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1263–1276·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
Ramin Kazemi
Published Online: 26 May 2025DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-1389 In this paper: In this paper, we compare the optimal k-level accelerated life tests (CSALTs and SSALTs) for the failure data with Lomax distribution based on progressive Type I censoring (PTIC) and a cost constraint...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1277–1300·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
Aiyared Iampan, M. Balamurugan, V. Govindan
Published Online: 03 Feb 2025DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-1393 In this paper: The class of algebras known as algebras of logic includes a variety of algebraic structures. The logical algebras BCK and BCI belong to two different classes. They were introduced by Imai and Iséki [1...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1301–1312·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
Rasul Rasuli
Published Online: 03 Oct 2025DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-1422 In this paper: In this paper, we investigate norms defined on intuitionistic fuzzy equivalence relations, intuitionistic fuzzy congruence relations, and intuitionistic fuzzy ideals of rings. We explore their propert...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1313–1334·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
Mojgan Pouralizadeh
Published Online: 27 Feb 2025DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-1419 In this paper: In the clean development mechanism, greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction is conducted by implementing projects that aim to decrease fossil fuel consumption in the energy sectors, increase energy productivit...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1335–1343·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
V. Jude Annie Cynthia, E. Padmavathy
Published Online: 04 Apr 2026DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-2173 In this paper: A measurable collection of dots and a collection of ordered pairings of different dots make up a directed graph, commonly known as a digraph 𝒟. Each (u,v) pair is denoted by uv where u is the arc’s...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1345–1358·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
Chung-Ho Chen, Tzu-Hsien Lee
Published Online: 03 Feb 2025DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-1424 In this paper: Shin et al. [2] proposed the process parameters and tolerance designs model. Their model firstly obtained the process mean and standard deviation. Then the tolerance model is formulated for obtaining...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1359–1376·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
Safa Guerdouh, Wided Chikouche
Published Online: 01 Apr 2026DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-1604 In this paper: This study concerns solving semidefinite programming (SDP) problems using a new kernel-based primal-dual interior-point method (IPM). We propose a parameterized kernel function (KF) that has a hyperbo...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1377–1396·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
M. H. Noorallahzadeh, R. Alimoradi
Published Online: 02 Feb 2026DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-1607 In this paper: The searchable encryption scheme is employed to address privacy and data confidentiality issues in outsourced databases. It enables users to send encrypted search queries containing a keyword to a ser...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1397–1414·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
Negar Kheirkhahan, Masoud Ghods
Published Online: 10 Feb 2026DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-1838 In this paper: Scientific interest in Titanium dioxide has increased due to its wide range of applications across various industries. Chemical design and development involve significant expense, time, and difficulti...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1415–1424·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
J. Senbagamalar, P. Devika
Published Online: 04 Apr 2026DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-2172 In this paper: The purpose of this research to present an improved decision support model that develops from the VIKOR method provides new ways to handle uncertainties and imprecisions within the decision-making pro...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1425–1450·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
Fateme Movahedi, Mohammad Hadi Akhbari, Faeze Sadat Movahedi
Published Online: 13 Dec 2025DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-1912 In this paper: Analysis of the molecular structure of drugs through graph theory modeling enables us to comprehend their biological and physicochemical characteristics. The Quantitative Structure- Property Relations...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1451–1460·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
Nazmiye Yılmaz
Published Online: 09 Dec 2025DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-1940 In this paper: Regarding r-Pell numbers, we provide some identities. The r-Pell numbers with negative subscripts are shown below. The binomial summations for the r-Pell numbers are obtained. Several identities perta...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1461–1478·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
Seyed Esmaeil Sadat Najafi, Tofigh Allahviranloo, Saeid Abbasbandy, Mohsen Rostamy Malkhalifeh
Published Online: 11 Sep 2025DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-1944 In this paper: This study addresses the significant challenge of accurately simulating traffic flow in heavily congested urban areas through microscopic traffic models. These models employ differential equations to...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1479–1488·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
J. Senbagamalar, D. Ramani Bai
Published Online: 04 Apr 2026DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-2191 In this paper: Graph labeling is the term used to describe the procedure of giving unique identifiers. Graph attributing is a method for modeling real-world problems in industries such as circuit design, surveillanc...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1489–1513·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
Tomoya Asada, Teruo Tanaka
Published Online: 26 Mar 2026DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-1961 In this paper: This paper provides a formulation for new differential games with fractional payoffs. By applying the standard argument used in mathematical programming theory, we show that the saddle point function...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1515–1524·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
Fateme Movahedi, A. Karimi, Z. Samiei
Published Online: 13 Dec 2025DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-1975 In this paper: Given a simple graph 𝒜 = (V𝒜, E𝒜). The Euler-Sombor index of 𝒜 is given by EU(𝒜) = Stk∈E𝒜 √h(t)2 + h(k)2 + h(t)h(k), in which η(c) is the degree of c ∈ V𝒜. In this paper, we focus on the chemical gra...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1525–1537·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
P. Saranya, E. Chandrasekaran
Published Online: 04 Apr 2026DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-2174 In this paper: This research study creates an inventory model for degrading products that considers the trade credit and also realistic market characteristics like advertising-motivated initial demand and unstable h...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1539–1555·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
Vishwas Deep Joshi, Medha Sharma, Huda Alsaud, Shrddha, Sapna Tyagi
Published Online: 26 Mar 2026DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-2161 In this paper: Mathematical optimization problems that simultaneously take into account several, typically conflicting, transportation planning objectives are known as multi-objective transportation problems (MOTPs)...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1557–1566·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
Swati Gupta, Bal Kishan, Pooja Mittal
Published Online: 04 Apr 2026DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-2242 In this paper: Deep learning is very efficient in image classification, but the classical feature extraction algorithms are understandable and robust. The categorization of images serves as a foundation for diagnosi...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1567–1589·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
Gete Umbrey, Bhaba Kumar Sarma, Bhuban Chandra Deuri, Alfonso Bustamante, Botem Moyong
Published Online: 02 Apr 2026DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-2220 In this paper: This article introduces a systematic, symbolic, and pure algebraic technique called the “Extraction and Combination Method” for minimizing Boolean expressions. This method simplifies Boolean expressio...
Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1591–1601·Vol. 47, Issue 4Apr 2026
Rohit Kumar Gupta, Arka Prokash Mazumdar
Published Online: 04 Apr 2026DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-2243 In this paper: Today’s content delivery over the Internet via Cloud-based Content Delivery Networks (CCDNs) must address critical challenges such as dynamic traffic, congestion, inefficient routing, and latency vari...