Topological analysis of the molecular graph of monolayer M3C12X12 Kagome structures using degree-based indices
Mohammad Reza Farahanimohammad_farahani@mathdep.iust.ac.irSchool of Mathematics and Computer ScienceIran University of Science & Technology (IUST)Narmak, Tehran, 16844, Iran0000-0003-2969-4280View full profile → , *Mehdi AlaeiyanCorresponding authoralaeiyan@iust.ac.irSchool of Mathematics and Computer ScienceIran University of Science and Technology (IUST)Narmak, Tehran, 16844, Iran0000-0003-2185-5967View full profile → , Muhammad Shoaib Sardarshoaibsardar093@gmail.comSchool of Mathematical SciencesHarbin Engineering UniversityNangang District, Harbin, 150001, China0000-0001-7146-5639View full profile → , Shobha V. Patilshobhap49@gmail.comDepartment of MathematicsDr. M. S. Sheshgiri College of Engineering and TechnologyKLE Technological UniversityBelagavi, Karnataka, 590001, India0000-0002-6210-832XView full profile → , Murat Cancanmcancan@yyu.edu.trDepartment of MathematicsFaculty of EducationYuzuncu Yil UniversityVan, 65090, Turkey0000-0002-8606-2274View full profile →
* Corresponding author · click or hover a name for details
- Received:
- 01 Jun 2025
- Published Online:
- 31 Jul 2026
- Article type:
- Research Article
- Language:
- EN
- Article no.:
- JDMSC-2456
- Pages:
- 2963–2976
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials have arisen as viable contenders for next-generation nano-spintronics, quantum computing and high-density data storage technologies, owing to their distinctive magnetic and electrical characteristics at the atomic level. This study examines the molecular graph of a two-dimensional monolayer structure M3C12X12, where M represents a metal atom, C signifies carbon and X indicates a halogen atom. The molecule displays a Kagome lattice configuration, recognised for its unusual electrical properties. Employing graph-theoretic methodologies, we calculate several degree-based topological indices, such as the First Zagreb index, First hyper-Zagreb index, First and Second Gourava indices, Reciprocal Randic index, First and Second K-Banhatti indices and the Platt index. These indices function as molecular descriptors that measure structural characteristics pertinent to the compound’s physicochemical and magnetic properties. Our work illustrates the efficacy of topological indices in the structural characterisation of 2D materials and establishes a basis for further theoretical and computational investigations in materials science and nano-technology.
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References
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