Energy harvesting enabled cryptographically secure MAC design for IEEE 802.15.6 WBANs
Anita Shuklashukla.anita27@gmail.comDepartment of Basic Sciences & HumanitiesPranveer Singh Institute of TechnologyKanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 209305, IndiaView full profile → , *Ankit JainCorresponding authorankit2483jain@gmail.comDepartment of Electronics & Communication EngineeringPranveer Singh Institute of TechnologyKanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 209305, IndiaView full profile → , Sneha Khoriasnehakhoria@gmail.comDepartment of Computer Science & EngineeringPranveer Singh Institute of TechnologyKanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 209305, IndiaView full profile → , Hema Singhhemasingh11@gmail.comDepartment of Basic Sciences & HumanitiesPranveer Singh Institute of TechnologyKanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 209305, IndiaView full profile → , Awanit Kumaritsawanitkumar@gmail.comDepartment of Computer Science and EngineeringCareer Point UniversityKota, Rajasthan, 325003, IndiaView full profile → , Rohit Maheshwarirohit.maheshwari27@gmail.comDepartment of Computer Science and EngineeringCareer Point UniversityKota, Rajasthan, 325003, IndiaView full profile →
* Corresponding author · click or hover a name for details
- Received:
- 01 Dec 2025
- Published Online:
- 31 Jul 2026
- Article type:
- Research Article
- Language:
- EN
- Article no.:
- JIOS-2331
- Pages:
- 2771–2778
Abstract
Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) uses Cryptographic Security for the protection of sensitive information stored and transmitted between body-worn devices (i.e. medical devices). Although Cryptographic Security is important, the WBAN needs to provide a reliable method of communicating and an efficient method of consuming energy in order to provide next-generation healthcare and wearable technologies, especially within the Medical/Nursing Industry, as well as assistive technology, such as sports monitoring solutions. Recently, continued advancements within the area of Energy Harvesting Technologies have enabled the WBAN to provide sustainable operation through the use of Energy Harvesting from Body Motion, Heat, and/or Ambient Sources, thereby extending the lifetime of a WBAN Network. Due to the random availability of harvested energy, however, IEEE 802.15.6 MAC protocol performance is impacted due to its emphasis on using a back-off strategy when “saturated.” This paper presents Discrete-Time Markov Chain (DTMC) Analytical Model for performance assessment of cryptographically protected IEEE 802.15.6 MAC protocols operating in Energy Harvesting WBANs. The Analytical Model was developed to include MAC Back-off behavior and the cryptographic processing overhead of the MAC protocol.
Keywords
Subject Classifications
References
[1] United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Ageing 2013, Tech. Rep. ST/ESA/SER.A/348. New York, USA: United Nations (2013).
[2] World Health Organization, Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2014. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press (2014).
[3] A. Chatterjee, S. Kubendran, J. King, and R. DeVol, Chronic Disease and Wellness in America: Measuring the Economic Burden in a Changing Nation. Santa Monica, CA, USA: Milken Institute (2014).
[4] E. Kartsakli, A. Antonopoulos, S. Tennina, M. Di Renzo, L. Alonso, and C. Verikoukis, “A survey on M2M systems for mHealth: A wireless communications perspective,” Sensors, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 18009–18052 (2014), doi: 10.3390/s141018009.
[5] IEEE Computer Society, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Part 15.6: Wireless Body Area Networks, IEEE Std. 802.15.6-2012, pp. 1–271 (Feb. 29, 2012), doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2012.6161600.
[6] A. Lalos, A. Antonopoulos, E. Kartsakli, M. Di Renzo, S. Tennina, L. Alonso, and C. Verikoukis, “RLNC-aided cooperative compressed sensing for energy-efficient vital signal telemonitoring,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 3685–3699 (2015), doi: 10.1109/TWC.2015.2435934.
[7] G. Arrobo and R. Gitlin, “New approaches to reliable wireless body area networks,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems (COMCAS), Tel Aviv, Israel, pp. 1–6 (2011), doi: 10.1109/COMCAS.2011.6105779.
[8] E. Kartsakli, A. Antonopoulos, A. Lalos, S. Tennina, M. Di Renzo, L. Alonso, and C. Verikoukis, “Reliable MAC design for ambient assisted living: Moving the coordination to the cloud,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 78–86 (2015), doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2015.7010516.
[9] C. Li, B. Hao, K. Zhang, Y. Liu, and J. Li, “A novel medium access control protocol with low delay and traffic adaptivity for wireless body area networks,” J. Med. Syst., vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 1265–1275 (2011), doi: 10.1007/s10916-011-9682-5.
[10] M. Ameen, J. Liu, S. Ullah, and K. S. Kwak, “A power-efficient MAC protocol for implant device communication in wireless body area networks,” in Proc. IEEE Consumer Commun. Netw. Conf. (CCNC), Las Vegas, NV, USA, pp. 1155–1160 (2011), doi: 10.1109/CCNC.2011.5766534.
[11] K. S. Kwak and S. Ullah, “A traffic-adaptive MAC protocol for WBAN,” in Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops, Miami, FL, USA, pp. 1286–1289 (2010), doi: 10.1109/GLOCOMW.2010.5703420.
[12] S. Banakar, V. Ramuloo, L. Vegi, A. Kumar, R. Maheshwari, and N. Singh, “Spectral graph theory for large-scale network topology optimization in cloud computing,” Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography, vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 2899–2906 (2025), doi: 10.47974/JDMSC-2560.
