BS-EHR : Blockchain-based secure electronic health record sharing
Md Ahteshamul Haquehaquemanuu@gmail.comDepartment of Computer Science and Information TechnologyMaulana Azad National Urdu UniversityHyderabad, Telangana, 500032, IndiaView full profile → , *Khaleel AhmadCorresponding authorkhaleelahmad@manuu.edu.inDepartment of Computer Science and Information TechnologyMaulana Azad National Urdu UniversityHyderabad, Telangana, 500032, IndiaView full profile → , Sobiya Arsheensosheen95@gmail.comDepartment of Computer Science and Information TechnologyMaulana Azad National Urdu UniversityHyderabad, Telangana, 500032, IndiaView full profile → , Laura Emilia Maria Riccilaura.ricci@unipi.itDepartment of Computer ScienceUniversity of PisaPisa, 56127, ItalyView full profile → , Fabrizio Baiardif.baiardi@unipi.itDepartment of Computer ScienceUniversity of PisaPisa, 56127, ItalyView full profile →
* Corresponding author · click or hover a name for details
- Received:
- 01 Dec 2025
- Published Online:
- 31 Jul 2026
- Article type:
- Research Article
- Language:
- EN
- Article no.:
- JIOS-2325
- Pages:
- 2695–2712
Abstract
Blockchain is a disruptive technology currently finding its position in several domains of day-to-day life, like finance and administration. In healthcare, it can improve quality of life by addressing resource allocation and by protecting information. This is important because Electronic Health Records (EHRs) contain sensitive and private information of patients, but nowadays even EHR systems can be infected with malware or viruses that compromise patient information. Blockchain technology offers a viable solution for addressing these issues by providing a secure, tamperproof, decentralized platform for EHR management. Furthermore, this technology provides a decentralized platform that eliminates the need for intermediaries or third parties to manage and access the data. This means that patients have complete control over their medical records and can share them securely and transparently with healthcare providers without the need for a central authority to validate the data. This paper describes a secure Electronic Health Record system using the Hyperledger Fabric platform of permissioned blockchain. Our system ensures that patients’ personal health information remains secure and private, and healthcare providers need to comply with regulatory requirements for protecting health data. Additionally, the proposed system provides secure access to EHRs to the participating entities by using advanced cryptographic techniques (ECC) that prevent unauthorized parties from accessing or modifying the data. The proposed system aims to decrease transaction time, improve throughput, and reduce latency.
Keywords
Subject Classifications
References
[1] A. Al Mamun, S. Azam, and C. Gritti, “Blockchain-Based Electronic Health Records Management: A Comprehensive Review and Future Research Direction,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 5768–5789 (2022), doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3141079.
[2] I. Keshta and A. Odeh, “Security and privacy of electronic health records: Concerns and challenges,” Egypt. Inform. J., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 177–183 (2021), doi: 10.1016/j.eij.2020.07.003.
[3] Y. Sharma and B. Balamurugan, “Preserving the Privacy of Electronic Health Records Using Blockchain,” Procedia Comput. Sci., vol. 173, pp. 171–180 (2020), doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2020.06.021.
[4] R. Sangeetha, B. Harshini, A. Shanmugapriya, and T. K. P. Rajagopal, “Electronic Health Record System Using Blockchain,” Int. Res. J. Multidiscip. Technovation, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 57–61 (2019), doi: 10.34256/irjmt1927.
[5] A. Shahnaz, U. Qamar, and A. Khalid, “Using Blockchain for Electronic Health Records,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 147782–147795 (2019), doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2946373.
[6] V. Kamath, J. Sreenivas, and K. Yelpale, “Blockchain Solution to Healthcare Record System Using Hyperledger Fabric,” ResearchGate Preprint (2021), doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.27957.60640.
[7] D. C. Nguyen, P. N. Pathirana, M. Ding, and A. Seneviratne, “Blockchain for Secure EHRs Sharing of Mobile Cloud Based E-Health Systems,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 66792–66806 (2019), doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2917555.
[8] S. Shamshad, Minahil, K. Mahmood, S. Kumari, and C.-M. Chen, “A Secure Blockchain-Based E-Health Records Storage and Sharing Scheme,” J. Inf. Secur. Appl., vol. 55, Art. no. 102590 (2020), doi: 10.1016/j.jisa.2020.102590.
[9] S. Arsheen and K. Ahmad, “SLR: A Systematic Literature Review on Blockchain Applications in Healthcare,” in Proc. 2021 Int. Conf. Inf. Sci. Commun. Technol. (ICISCT), Tashkent, Uzbekistan, pp. 1–6 (2021), doi: 10.1109/ICISCT52966.2021.9670136.
[10] C. Gan, A. Saini, Q. Zhu, Y. Xiang, and Z. Zhang, “Blockchain-based access control scheme with incentive mechanism for eHealth systems: Patient as supervisor,” Multimed. Tools Appl., vol. 80, no. 20, pp. 30605–30621 (2021), doi: 10.1007/s11042-020-09322-6.
[11] H. M. Hussien, S. M. Yasin, N. I. Udzir, and M. I. H. Ninggal, “Blockchain-based access control scheme for secure shared personal health records over decentralised storage,” Sensors, vol. 21, no. 7, Art. no. 2462 (2021), doi: 10.3390/s21072462.
[12] D. C. Nguyen, P. N. Pathirana, M. Ding, and A. Seneviratne, “A cooperative architecture of data offloading and sharing for smart healthcare with blockchain,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Blockchain Cryptocurr. (ICBC), pp. 1–6 (2021), doi: 10.1109/ICBC51069.2021.9461063.
[13] L. Abdelgalil and M. Mejri, “HealthBlock: A Framework for a Collaborative Sharing of Electronic Health Records Based on Blockchain,” Future Internet, vol. 15, no. 3, Art. no. 87 (2023), doi: 10.3390/fi15030087.
[14] K. Ahmad, L. E. M. Ricci, F. Baiardi, and S. Arsheen, “Hyperledger Fabric Enabled Vaccine Intelligent Network to Implement Immuniza tion Program,” in Proc. 12th IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. Syst. Netw. Technol. (CSNT), pp. 822–828 (2023), doi: 10.1109/CSNT57126.2023.10134692.
[15] F. A. Reegu, H. Abas, Y. Gulzar, Q. Xin, A. A. Alwan, A. Jabbari, R. G. Sonkamble, and R. A. Dziyauddin, “Blockchain-Based Framework for Interoperable Electronic Health Records for an Improved Healthcare System,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 8, Art. no. 6337 (2023), doi: 10.3390/su15086337.
[16] W. X. Yuan, B. Yan, W. Li, L. Y. Hao, and H. M. Yang, “Blockchain-based medical health record access control scheme with efficient protection mechanism and patient control,” Multimed. Tools Appl., vol. 82, no. 11, pp. 16279–16300 (2023), doi: 10.1007/s11042-022-14023-3.
[17] S. Jayakumar, S. Ajith, N. R. Sriram, V. K. Reddy, and N. S. Ramaiah, “Block-chain based electronic health record system,” AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 2427, no. 1, Art. no. 020057 (2023), doi: 10.1063/5.0101344.
[18] S. Arsheen and K. Ahmad, “ImmuneChain: A blockchain-based secure and transparent vaccine supply chain,” SN Comput. Sci., vol. 6, no. 1, Art. no. 73 (2025), doi: 10.1007/s42979-024-03421-z.
[19] A. Adikane, N. Akole, A. Auti, S. Bhosale, and N. Mhetre, “Electronic Health Records Access System Using Hyperledger Fabric,” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 4033–4036 (May 2021).
[20] Q. Wang and S. Qin, “A Hyperledger Fabric-based system framework for healthcare data management,” Appl. Sci., vol. 11, no. 24, Art. no. 11693 (2021), doi: 10.3390/app112411693.
[21] S. Arsheen and K. Ahmad, “Blockchain-Enabled Immunization System: A Novel Idea to Leverage Reliability and Traceability,” in Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Emerg. Technol. (INCET), Belgaum, India, pp. 1–5 (2022), doi: 10.1109/INCET54531.2022.9824500.
[22] Hyperledger Foundation, “Hyperledger Foundation.” [Online]. Available: https://www.hyperledger.org/. [Accessed: Oct. 5, 2025].
