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WoS  JIF 2026 : 0.4 (Q4)

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Open Access Research Article

Leap neighbourhood Zagreb indices and coindices of graphs

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pp. 2363–2379Vol. 47Issue 6June 2026DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-2158XML
Received:
01 Apr 2025
Published Online:
13 May 2026
Article type:
Research Article
Language:
EN
Article no.:
JIOS-2158
Pages:
2363–2379

Abstract

This study investigates and defines a novel vertex degree-based topological index, specifically the Leap Neighbourhood Zagreb indices and coindices of a graph R. These indices are distance-degree-based topological indices derived from the second degrees of vertices, which refer to the number of second neighbours associated with each vertex. The precise formulas for certain standard graphs are computed. The relationships between the Leap Neighbourhood Zagreb Indices, each of the Leap Zagreb indices, and the Zagreb indices are established. Finally, the lower and upper bounds are determined.

Keywords

Subject Classifications

05C0705C0905C1005C3505C38

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