A hybrid cryptographic and steganography approach for secure IoT data transmission
*Ali H. AbdulkhaleqCorresponding authorahmedfakhir.mo@gmail.comDepartment of Information Technology Technical College of Management Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University Najaf, IraqView full profile → , Kareem K. Ibrahimkarimk.aljabri@student.uokufa.edu.iqDepartment of Computer Education Najaf Education Directorate Ministry of EducationNajaf, IraqView full profile → , Ahmed S. Abdulredaahmeds.albudairi@student.uokufa.edu.iqDepartment of Computer Education Najaf Education Directorate Ministry of Education Najaf, IraqView full profile →
* Corresponding author · click or hover a name for details
- Received:
- 04 Feb 2025
- Published Online:
- 26 Jun 2025
- Article type:
- Research Article
- Language:
- EN
- Article no.:
- JDMSC-2288
- Pages:
- 1425–1436
Abstract
Keywords
Subject Classifications
References
[1] S. Pramanik, “An adaptive image steganography approach depending on integer wavelet transform and genetic algorithm,” Multimed Tools Appl, vol. 82, no. 22, pp. 34287–34319 (Sep. 2023), doi: 10.1007/s11042-023-14505-y.
[2] S. K. Bandyopadhyay, V. Goyal, S. Dutta, S. Pramanik, and H. H. R. Sherazi, “Unseen to Seen by Digital Steganography: Modern-Day Data-Hiding Techniques,” in Advances in Information Security, Privacy, and Ethics, S. Pramanik, M. M. Ghonge, R. V. Ravi, and K. Cengiz, Eds., IGI Global, pp. 1–28 (2021). doi: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7160-6.ch001.
[3] M. E. Saleh, A. A. Aly, and F. A. Omara, “Data security using cryptography and steganography techniques,” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, vol. 7, no. 6, 2016, Accessed: Feb. 23 (2025). [Online]. Available: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2f3f/cc1d74787ee194316225333e354d566aa309.pdf
[4] P. Rani, S. Verma, S. P. Yadav, B. K. Rai, M. S. Naruka, and D. Kumar, “Simulation of the lightweight blockchain technique based on privacy and security for healthcare data for the cloud system,” International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications (IJEHMC), vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1–15 (2022).
[5] P. Singh, “A comparative study of audio steganography techniques,” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 580–585 (2016).
[6] N. Rashmi and K. Jyothi, “An improved method for reversible data hiding steganography combined with cryptography,” in 2018 2nd International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control (ICISC), Coimbatore: IEEE, pp. 81–84 (Jan. 2018). doi: 10.1109/ICISC.2018.8398946.
[7] S. Bukhari, M. S. Arif, M. R. Anjum, and S. Dilbar, “Enhancing security of images by Steganography and Cryptography techniques,” in 2016 Sixth International Conference on Innovative Computing Technology (INTECH), Dublin, Ireland: IEEE, pp. 531–534 (Aug. 2016). doi: 10.1109/INTECH.2016.7845050.
[8] M. Khari, A. K. Garg, A. H. Gandomi, R. Gupta, R. Patan, and B. Balusamy, “Securing Data in Internet of Things (IoT) Using Cryptography and Steganography Techniques,” IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern, Syst., vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 73–80 (Jan. 2020), doi: 10.1109/TSMC.2019.2903785.
[9] Md. Khalid, K. Arora, and N. Pal, “A Crypto-Steganography: A Survey,” ijacsa, vol. 5, no. 7 (2014), doi: 10.14569/IJACSA.2014.050722.
[10] H. Sharma, K. K. Sharma, and S. Chauhan, “Steganography techniques using cryptography-a review paper,” International Journal of Recent Research Aspects, pp. 106–108 (2015).
[11] Q. Xie, J. Xie, and Y. Xiao, “A High Capacity Information Hiding Algorithm in Color Image,” in 2010 2nd International Conference on E-business and Information System Security, Wuhan, China: IEEE, pp. 1–4 (May 2010). doi: 10.1109/EBISS.2010.5473583.
[12] S. Gupta, G. Gujral, and N. Aggarwal, “Enhanced least significant bit algorithm for image steganography,” IJCEM International Journal of Computational Engineering & Management, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 40–42 (2012).
[13] N. A. Al-Otaibi and A. A. Gutub, “2-leyer security system for hiding sensitive text data on personal computers,” Lecture Notes on Information Theory, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 151–157 (2014).
[14] S. Channalli and A. Jadhav, “Steganography An Art of Hiding Data,” (2009), doi: 10.48550/ARXIV.0912.2319.
[15] P. Rani and M. H. Falaah, “Real-Time Congestion Control and Load Optimization in Cloud-MANETs Using Predictive Algorithms,” NJF Intelligent Engineering Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 66–76 (2024).
[16] M. S. Sutaone and M. V. Khandare, “Image based steganography using LSB insertion technique,” in 2008 IET International Conference on Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks, IET, 2008, pp. 146–151. Accessed: Feb. 23 (2025). [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/4470096/
[17] B. Karthikeyan, A. C. Kosaraju, and Sudeep Gupta S, “Enhanced security in steganography using encryption and Quick Response code,” in 2016 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET), Chennai, India: IEEE, pp. 2308–2312 (Mar. 2016). doi: 10.1109/WiSPNET.2016.7566554.
[18] S. S. Patil and S. Goud, “Enhanced Multi Level Secret Data Hiding,” in An International Conference, 2016. Accessed: Feb. 23 (2025). [Online]. Available: https://www.academia.edu/download/45822001/1164.pdf
[19] J. C. T. Arroyo, “An Improved Image Steganography through Least Significant Bit Embedding Technique with Data Encryption and Compression Using Polybius Cipher and Huffman Coding Algorithm,” IJATCSE, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 3376–3383 (Jun. 2020), doi: 10.30534/ijatcse/2020/137932020.
[20] O. F. A. Wahab, A. A. M. Khalaf, A. I. Hussein, and H. F. A. Hamed, “Hiding Data Using Efficient Combination of RSA Cryptography, and Compression Steganography Techniques,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 31805–31815 (2021), doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3060317.
[21] B. Bhola et al., “Quality-enabled decentralized dynamic IoT platform with scalable resources integration,” IET Communications (2022).
[22] P. Rani, P. N. Singh, S. Verma, N. Ali, P. K. Shukla, and M. Alhassan, “An implementation of modified blowfish technique with honey bee behavior optimization for load balancing in cloud system environment,” Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, vol. 2022, pp. 1–14 (2022).
[23] Y. Zhou, W. Cao, and C. P. Chen, “Image encryption using binary bitplane,” Signal processing, vol. 100, pp. 197–207 (2014).
[24] M. Jain, R. C. Choudhary, and A. Kumar, “Secure medical image steganography with RSA cryptography using decision tree,” in 2016 2nd international conference on contemporary computing and informatics (IC3I), IEEE, 2016, pp. 291–295. Accessed: Feb. 27 (2025). [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7917977/
[25] S. Mirjalili, A. H. Gandomi, S. Z. Mirjalili, S. Saremi, H. Faris, and S. M. Mirjalili, “Salp Swarm Algorithm: A bio-inspired optimizer for engineering design problems,” Advances in Engineering Software, vol. 114, pp. 163–191 (Dec. 2017), doi: 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2017.07.002.
[26] P. Rani and R. Sharma, “IMFOCA-IOV: Intelligent Moth Flame Optimization based Clustering Algorithm for Internet of Vehicle,” in 2023 14th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), IEEE, pp. 1–6 (2023).
