References
[1] Abdulkader, A. A., Chellapilla, H. K., and Simmard, Y. P. (2010). Allograph based writer adaptation for handwritten character recognition.[2] Abdulkader, A. A., Chellapilla, H. K., and Simmard, Y. P. (2014). Allograph based writer adaptation for handwritten character recognition.[3] Abdulkader, A. A., Chellapilla, H. K., and Simmard, Y. P. (2019). Allograph based writer adaptation for handwritten character recognition.[4] Alexa-Nder, F., Igor, K., and Arseni, S. (2005). Holistic-analytical recognition of handwritten text.[5] Alonso, M. A. P. (2015). Metacognition and sensorimotor components underlying the process of handwriting and keyboarding and their impact on learning. an analysis from the perspective of embodied psychology. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 176:263–269.[6] Arin-Dam, C. and Love-Kesh, V. (2021). Systems and methods for end-to-end handwritten text recognition using neural networks.[7] Bernhard, S. and Andreas, G. (2021). Handwritten diagram recognition using deep learning models.[8] Chae-Whan, L. and Jeong-Wook, S. (2010). Apparatus and method for recognizing a character image from an image screen.[9] Chefalas, T. E., Fujisaki, T., Joonki, K., and Tappert, C. C. (1992). Robust prototype establishment in an on-line handwriting recognition system.[10] Chellapilla, K. H., Abdulkader, A. A., and Simmard, P. Y. (2012). System and method for handwritten character recognition.[11] Chen, Y.-F. and Dunsmoir, J. (2008). Method and apparatus for scaling handwritten character input for handwritten character recognition.[12] Choudhary, K., Kumar, S. C. T., and Mukundan, S. (2013a). Handwritten character recognition based on frequency variations in characters.[13] Choudhary, K., Kumar, S. C. T., and Mukundan, S. (2013b). Handwritten character recognition based on frequency variations in characters.[14] Confer, W. J. and Chapman, R. O. (2004). System and method of handwritten character recognition.[15] Deshpande, N., Ahmed, S., and Khode, A. (2014). Web based targeted advertising: A study based on patent information. Procedia Economics and Finance, 11:522–535.[16] Deshpande, N., Ahmeda, S., and Khodea, A. (2016). Business intelligence through patinformatics: A study of energy efficient data centres using patent data. Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business, 6(3).[17] Dixon, R. S., Adrien, D., Gobera, R. D. E., Howell, D. L., Chherawala, Y. K., and Martin, B. (2020). Handwritten text recognition.[18] Dow, E. M., Fitzsimmons, T. D., Garrett, T. J., and Metruck, E. M. (2019). Stroke extraction in free space.[19] Eileen, G. D., Douglas, C. J. L., Caroline, F. E., and Ken, K. (2014). Handwritten character recognition interface.[20] Farzad, E. and Liyang, Z. (2000). Method and device for handwritten character recognition.[21] Fenrich, R. K. and Srihari, S. N. (1994). System for recognizing handwritten character strings containing overlapping and/or broken characters.[22] Flavio, D. (1995). Method and apparatus for a focal neuron system.[23] Ghule, B., Laad, M., and Tiwari, A. K. (2021). Poly-4-methyl-1-pentene a dielectric material: Patent landscape. Journal of Energy Storage, 36:102335.[24] Hiroto, Y., Hatsuo, M., and Masaru, O. (2005). Information processing apparatus and method, computer-readable memory, and program.[25] Hiroto, Y., Hatsuo, M., and Masaru, O. (2007). Information processing apparatus and method, computer-readable memory, and program.[26] Hon-Ju, L. (1995). On-line character recognizing system.[27] Hye-jung, P. and Se-heon, K. (2018). Mathematics learning apparatus and method using handwritten mathematical expressions recognition.[28] Ichiro, N. and Yoshi-Katsu, I. (2005). Handwritten character recognition apparatus.[29] Isabelle, G., Denker, J. S., and Yann, L. (1992). Time delay neural network for printed and cursive handwritten character recognition.[30] John, B., Heckerman, D. E., Meek, C. A., and Bo, T. (2007). Handwriting recognition with mixtures of bayesian networks.[31] Jourjine, A. N. (1999). Real time handwriting recognition system.[32] Jourjine, A. N., Kadashevich, A. J., Harvey, M. F., and Knowlton, K. C. (2009). Character recognition system identification of scanned and real time handwritten characters.[33] Kadashevich, A. J., Harvey, M. F., Jourjine, A. N., and Knowlton, K. C. (2008). Character recognition system identification of scanned and real time handwritten characters.[34] Kadashevich, A. J., Harvey, M. F., Knowlton, K. C., and Jourjine, A. N. (1999). Character recognition system indentification of scanned and real time handwritten characters.[35] Kannan, P. (2001). Handwritten character recognition using multi-resolution models.[36] Kazutoshi, S., Eisaku, T., Shigeki, M., Kasuhiro, M., Shinichi, S., Takashi, H., Katsuhiko, N., and Ryoji, F. (1999). Character recognizing apparatus and method of controlling the same.[37] Kenic-Hiro, N., Makoto, H., and Hiroki, Y. (2008). User interface design apparatus and method.[38] Keskar, D. V. and Mic, B. (2006). Incorporating handwritten notations into an electronic document.[39] Kevin, H. and Uri, E. (2007). Accelerated handwritten symbol recognition in a pen based tablet computer.[40] Kil, K. S. and Doub, M. D. (2002). Handwritten character recognition devices and electronic devices incorporating same.[41] Konrad, Z., Thibault, A., and Wafa, J. (2021). Method of handwritten character recognition confirmation.[42] Kozo, K. (1995). Online handwritten character recognition.[43] Kuan, C.-C., Hull, J. J., and Srihari, S. N. (1991). Method and apparatus for handwritten character recognition.[44] Leigh, N. J. (2008). Method and apparatus for decoding handwritten characters.[45] Leigh, N. J. (2011). Handwritten character recognition.[46] Leigh, N. J. (2012). Handwritten character recognition system.[47] Levitan, C. A. (1993). System and method for automatic optical data entry.[48] Lewis, J. R., Perrone, M. P., Pitrelli, J. F., Ratzlaff, E. H., and Jayashree, S. (2002). System and method for providing user-directed constraints for handwriting recognition.[49] Lidkea, B. H. and Holmes, G. T. (1980). Method and apparatus for recognizing handwritten characters in an optical character recognition machine.[50] Lipscomb, J. S. (1991). Multi-scale recognizer for hand drawn strokes.[51] Masa-Mi, M. (2000). Handwritten character verification method and apparatus therefor.[52] Masay-Oshi, O. (2001). Method and system of handwritten-character recognition.[53] Mie, K., Mitsutaka, M., Ryosuke, N., Yoichi, K., and Yoshiyuki, T. (2016). Image forming system, image forming apparatus, remote control apparatus, and recording medium for displaying an input screen.[54] Ming-Qing, X., Yu, Z., Lei, H., Jian-Lai, Z., Xianfang, W., Xiaohui, H., Dongmei, Z., Zhouchen, L., and Jian, W. (2009). Analyzing scripts and determining characters in expression recognition.[55] Ming-Qing, X., Yu, Z., Lei, H., Jian-Lai, Z., Xiaohui, H., Zhouchen, L., Dongmei, Z., and Jian, W. (2011). Analyzing subordinate sub-expressions in expression recognition.[56] Moehrle, M. G., Walter, L., Bergmann, I., Bobe, S., and Skrzipale, S. (2010). Patinformatics as a business process: A guideline through patent research tasks and tools. World Patent Information, 32(4):291–299.[57] Mueller, P. A. and Oppenheimer, D. M. (2014). The pen is mightier than the keyboard: Advantages of longhand over laptop note taking. Psychological Science, 25(6):1159–1168.[58] Nader, G. (1985). On-line character recognition using closed-loop detector.[59] Noruzi, A. and Abdekhoda, M. (2014). Google patents: The global patent search engine. Webology, 11(1).[60] Osmat, J. (2019). CRISPR - The Lens - Free and Open Patent and Scholarly Search.[61] Pandey, P. N., Saini, N., Sapre, N., Kulkarni, A., and Tiwari, A. K. (2021). Prioritising breast cancer theranostics: A current medical longing in oncology. Cancer Treatment and Research Communications, 29:100465.[62] Ralph, S. (2001). Handwritten keyboardless entry computer system.[63] Raturi, M. K., Sahoo, P. K., Mukherjee, S., and Tiwari, A. K. (2012). Patinformatics–an emerging scientific discipline. SSRN Electronic Journal.[64] Shinta, K., Yasuo, S., and Tomio, K. (2004). Information-object designation system.[65] Shiu-Chang, L. (1991). On-line handwritten character recognition apparatus with non-ambiguity algorithm.[66] Shunji, M. and Tomohisa, M. (2012). Method for handwritten character recognition, system for handwritten character recognition, program for handwritten character recognition and storing medium.[67] Soshi-Ro, K., Hiroshi, S., Masaki, M., Junko, M., and Toshimi, M. (1989). Real time handwritten character input system.[68] Sziklai, G. C. (1984). Methods and apparatus for the automatic classification of patterns.[69] Tada-Shi, H. (2007). Handwriting information processing apparatus, handwriting information processing method, and storage medium having program stored therein for handwriting information processing.[70] Tadasu, U., Noboru, S., and Akira, H. (1998). Character recognition method.[71] Take-Shi, Y., Toyoshi, O., and Naohiro, I. (2000). Method and apparatus for on-line handwritten input character recognition and recording medium for executing the method.[72] Tatsuo, H., Hiroyuki, S., Hideki, S., and Norio, N. (1996). Handwritten character size determination apparatus based on character entry area.[73] Toshiaki, M., Masahiro, H., Shigeru, T., and Hitoshi, H. (1986). Handwritten character recognition device.[74] Trippe, A. J. (2003). Patinformatics: Tasks to tools. World Patent Information, 25(3):211–221. [75] Unified Patents, L. Unified patents. https://portal.unifiedpatents.com/patents/search?publication_status=Active&publication_type=G.[76] Vincent, C. L., Singh, V., Chakraborty, K., and Gopalakrishnan, A. (2017). Patent data mining in fisheries sector: An analysis using questel-orbit and espacenet. World Patent Information, 51:22–30.[77] Wang, Y., Chen, Y., Luo, H., and Hu, H. (2010). Method and device for forecasting and discriminating hand-written characters.[78] Williams, D. R. and Richter, K. S. (2005). Pen-based handwritten character recognition and storage system.[79] Williams, D. R. and Richter, K. S. (2007). Pen-based handwritten character recognition and storage system.[80] Xing, W., Wai, N. H., and Jie, L. (2019). Convolutional neural network (cnn) system based on resolution-limited small-scale cnn modules.[81] Yasuhiro, S. (1998). Car navigation system.[82] Yoshi-Kazu, I. (1999a). Handwritten character recognition apparatus with an improved feature of correction to stroke segmentation and method for correction to stroke segmentation for recognition of handwritten character.[83] Yoshi-Kazu, I. (1999b). Handwritten character recognition apparatus with an improved feature of correction to stroke segmentation and method for correction to stroke segmentation for recognition of handwritten character.[84] Yoshifumi, S. and Yoshitaka, I. (1998). Method and apparatus for recognizing hand-written characters using a weighting dictionary.[85] Yoshinobu, H., Satoshi, N., and Misako, S. (2002). Handwritten character recognition apparatus and method using a clustering algorithm.[86] Yu, S., Kao-Ping, S. F., and Jian-Iai, Z. (2011). Symbol graph generation in handwritten mathematical expression recognition.[87] Yu, Z., Lei, H., Mingqing, X., Jian-Lai, Z., Yue, L., Dongmei, Z., Xiaohui, H., Wenli, Z., Hongyun, Y., Xianfang, W., Jiang, W., and Jian, W. (2009). Mathematical expression recognition.[88] Yue, L., Lei, H., and Jian, W. (2008). Analyzing tabular structures in expression recognition.