Open Access
Research Article·pp. 1–10·Online FirstJul 2026
Perturbations in dynamical systems for EFL learning
Iqbal Jebril, Zoubir Dahmani, Lynda Marouf
Published Online: 01 Jul 2026DOI: 10.47974/JIM-2459
In this paper: We study mathematical perturbed equations that can be used to describe how learner motivation, engagement, and proficiency develop together in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts. The basic s...
