Impact of illegal mining and pollution on the ecosystem : A mathematical model
*E. Michael UchennaCorresponding authormichael.uchenna@funai.edu.ngDepartment of Mathematics and StatisticsAlex Ekwueme Federal UniversityNdufu - Alike, P. M. B 1010, Ebonyi State, NigeriaView full profile → , O. Elebute Kafayatelebute.olusola@funai.edu.ngDepartment of Mathematics and StatisticsAlex Ekwueme Federal UniversityNdufu - Alike, P. M. B 1010, Ebonyi State, NigeriaView full profile → , N. Aloke Sundayalokesundayn@gmail.comDepartment of Industrial MathematicsUburuKing David University of Medical SciencesUburu Ebonyi State, P. O. Box 337, NigeriaView full profile → , Ogbonnaya Chukwukaogbonnayachuks@gmail.comDepartment of Mathematics and StatisticsAlex Ekwueme Federal UniversityNdufu - Alike, P. M. B 1010, Ebonyi State, NigeriaView full profile →
* Corresponding author · click or hover a name for details
- Received:
- 01 Aug 2025
- Published Online:
- 11 May 2026
- Article type:
- Research Article
- Language:
- EN
- Article no.:
- JSMS-1598
- Pages:
- 803–821
Abstract
A deterministic mathematical model is put out to investigate how pollution and mining operations affect valuable plant and animal resources. The level of pollutants in the environment increases steadily and is further exacerbated by rampant mining activities occurring in the area. The formulation of the model employs differential equations, which are subsequently analyzed through the principles of stability theory and numerical simulation techniques. The findings indicate that both plant and animal life are negatively impacted, either directly or indirectly, as a result of excessive mining operations and environmental contamination. Our analysis indicates that maintaining ecological balance is crucial for the preservation of flora and fauna. This balance involves the interplay between plant resources, animal populations that depend on them, mining activities, and environmental pollution. It is essential for government involvement in regulatory measures. Controlling the parameters that govern excessive mining activities significantly mitigates other forms of pollution, leading to substantial improvements in the health of flora and fauna.
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References
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