Enhancing security and ensuring secure performance: A performance evaluation of consensus algorithms in a distributed healthcare blockchain system

Patil, Vaibhav Nivrutti; Kalmani, Vijay H.

doi:10.47974/JSMS-1079

Open Access Research Article

Enhancing security and ensuring secure performance: A performance evaluation of consensus algorithms in a distributed healthcare blockchain system

^*Vaibhav Nivrutti PatilCorresponding authorvaibhavpatil521@gmail.comDepartment of Computer Science of Engineering Jain College of EngineeringDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering Jain College of EngineeringBelagavi, Karnataka, IndiaView full profile → , Vijay H. Kalmanivijaykalmani@hotmail.comDepartment of Computer Science of Engineering Jain College of EngineeringDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering Jain College of EngineeringBelagavi, Karnataka, IndiaView full profile →

* Corresponding author · click or hover a name for details

pp. 1391–1406Vol. 26Issue 6September 2023DOI: 10.47974/JSMS-1079XML

Received:: 03 Feb 2023
Published Online:: 12 Sep 2023
Article type:: Research Article
Language:: EN
Article no.:: JSMS-1079
Pages:: 1391–1406

Abstract

Blockchain is an emerging technology in today’s real-time applications and database transaction systems—the primary motto is to determine transactional clarity to end-user without any fluctuation. According to the basic block policy, it is immutable or does not allow updating the existing transaction, which automatically maintains the security and transaction clarity. This paper proposes a system performance evaluation of various consensus algorithms in a distributed environment with a peer-to-peer network. The four different consensus algorithms have been evaluated in four peer nodes. Healthcare application has been successfully tested with the entire system. The first blockchain implementation has done in a Java environment with the custom hash generation, mining strategy, and smart contract for each level. Each algorithm provides different time complexity accordingly. The system evaluates the performance of four consensus algorithms sequentially and demonstrates the effectiveness and utilization of each algorithm according to the requirements.

Keywords

Blockchain Hash generation SHA-256 Mining Smart contract Consensus algorithms Performance evaluation criteria

Subject Classifications

Primary 93A30Secondary 49K15

Acknowledgements

DG 0336

References

[1] L. Luu, V. Narayanan, C. Zheng, K. Baweja, S. Gilbert, and P. Saxena, “A secure sharding protocol for open blockchains,” in Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. ACM, pp. 17–30 (2016).
[2] L. Luu, V. Narayanan, K. Baweja, C. Zheng, S. Gilbert, and P. Saxena, “Scp: A computationally-scalable byzantine consensus protocol for blockchains.” IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive, vol. 2015, p. 1168 (2015).
[3] F. Borran and A. Schiper, “A leader-free byzantine consensus algorithm,” in International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking. Springer, pp. 67–78 (2010).
[4] Gervais, G. O. Karame, K. Wu¨st, V. Glykantzis, H. Ritzdorf, and S. Capkun, “On the security and performance of proof of work blockchains,” in Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. ACM, pp. 3–16 (2016).
[5] Porat, A. Pratap, P. Shah, and V. Adkar, “Blockchain consensus: An analysis of proof-of-work and its applications.”
[6] Abraham, D. Malkhi et. al., “The blockchain consensus layer and bft,” Bulletin of EATCS, vol. 3, no. 123 (2017).
[7] T. Crain, V. Gramoli, M. Larrea, and M. Raynal, “(leader/randomization/signature)-free byzantine consensus for consortium blockchains,” (2017) arXiv preprint arXiv:1702.03068.
[8] Z. Ren, K. Cong, J. Pouwelse, and Z. Erkin, “Implicit con- sensus: Blockchain with unbounded throughput,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.11046 (2017).
[9] E. Garcia Ribera, “Design and implementation of a proof-of-stake consensus algorithm for blockchain,” B.S. thesis, UniversitatPolite`cnica de Catalunya (2018).
[10] S. King and S. Nadal, “Ppcoin: Peer-to-peer crypto-currency with proof- of-stake,” self-published paper, August, vol. 19 (2012).
[11] J. Zou, B. Ye, L. Qu, Y. Wang, M. A. Orgun, and L. Li, “A proof-oftrust consensus protocol for enhancing accountability in crowdsourcing services,” IEEE Transactions on Services Computing (2018).
[12] S. Jeon, I. Doh, and K. Chae, “Rmbc: Randomized mesh blockchain using dbft consensus algorithm,” in Information Networking (ICOIN), 2018 International Conference on. IEEE, pp. 712–717 (2018).
[13] Naregal K, Kalmani V. Study of lightweight ABE for cloud based IoT. In 2020 Fourth International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud)(I-SMAC), pp. 134-137. IEEE (2020 Oct 7).
[14] Sonwalkar PK, Kalmani V. Energy Efficient Hop-by-Hop Retransmission and Congestion Mitigation of an Optimum Routing and Clustering Protocol for WSNs. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications; 13(3) (2022).
[15] Kalmani VH, Alias SS, Jogadand RM, Rai HM. An Efficient Key Management Scheme with Key Agreement to Mitigate Malicious Attacks for Wireless Mesh Network. International Journal of Computer Applications. 56(6) (2012 Jan 1).
[16] Bhardwaj H, Jamal MS. Effect of using Internet of Things for personalized advertisements on consumer buying behaviour. Journal of Statistics and Management Systems; 25(5) : 1135-46 (2022 Jul 4).
[17] Patra GR, Mohanty MN. An LSTM-GRU based hybrid framework for secured stock price prediction. Journal of Statistics and Management Systems; 25(6) : 1491-9 (2022 Aug 18).
[18] Pattanaik RK, Pattanayak BK, Mohanty MN. Use of multilayer recursive model for non-linear dynamic system identification. Journal of Statistics and Management Systems. 25(6) : 1479-90 (2022 Aug 18).
[19] Grover LK, Kaur A. An efficient generalized randomized response model. Journal of Statistics and Management Systems; 25(6) : 1425-41 (2022 Aug 18).
[20] Sinem Şahnagil, H. Salahaddin Gezici, Mustafa Kocaoğlu. Evaluation of digital transformation process through the Presidential Government System: Digital transformation office. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences. Volume 43, 2022 - Issue 7: 7th International Conference on Embracing Trasformation: Innovation and Creation Hybrid (May 26-28, 2022)
[21] Rita Roy, Kavitha Chekuri, G. Sandhya, Surya Kant Pal. Exploring the blockchain for sustainable food supply chain. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences. Volume 43, 2022 - Issue 7: 7th International Conference on Embracing Trasformation: Innovation and Creation Hybrid (May 26-28,2022).

Views: 183Downloads: 4Citations: 1