Security comparison of NTRU-Encrypt and ECC in smart healthcare systems
*Adil BashirCorresponding authoradilbashir.445@gmail.comDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering Islamic University of Science and TechnologyPulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, 192122, IndiaView full profile → , Numrena Farooqmirnumrena@gmail.comDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Srinagar HazratbalSrinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, IndiaView full profile → , Alina Pervaizalina.pervaiz@gmail.comDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering Islamic University of Science and TechnologyPulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, 192122, IndiaView full profile → , Ajaz Hussain Mirahmir@rediffmail.comDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology Srinagar HazratbalSrinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, IndiaView full profile →
* Corresponding author · click or hover a name for details
- Received:
- 10 Jul 2024
- Published Online:
- 14 Aug 2025
- Article type:
- Research Article
- Language:
- EN
- Article no.:
- JDMSC-2220
- Pages:
- 1249–1265
Abstract
Keywords
Subject Classifications
References
[1] C. T. Turcu, “RFID-based solutions for smarter healthcare,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.09855 (2017).
[2] A. Onasanya, S. Lakkis, and M. Elshakankiri, “Implementing IoT/WSN based smart Saskatchewan healthcare system,” Wireless Networks, vol. 25, pp. 3999–4020 (2019).
[3] S. de Miguel-Bilbao, J. A. Hernandez, O. J. Suarez, P. Marina, V. M. Febles, L. E. Rabassa, S. Suarez, J. Karpowicz, P. Zradzinski, K. Gryz, and E. Aguirre, “Near field exposure conditions by UHF-RFID systems in smart healthcare environments,” in Proc. 2021 IEEE Int. Joint EMC/SI/PI and EMC Europe Symp., pp. 13–18 (2021).
[4] L. Catarinucci, D. De Donno, L. Mainetti, L. Patrono, M. Stefanizzi, M. L. Lops, and L. Tarricone, “An IoT-aware architecture for smart healthcare systems,” IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 515–526 (Dec. 2015).
[5] A. Dohr, R. Modre-Opsrian, M. Drobics, D. Hayn, and G. Schreier, “The internet of things for ambient assisted living,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Information Technology: New Generations, pp. 804–809 (2010).
[6] D. Miorandi, S. Sicari, F. De Pellegrini, and I. Chlamtac, “Internet of things: Vision, applications and research challenges,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 1497–1516 (2012).
[7] D. Miorandi, S. Sicari, F. De Pellegrini, and I. Chlamtac, “Internet of things: Vision, applications and research challenges,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 1497–1516 (2012).
[8] B. Farahani, F. Firouzi, V. Chang, M. Badaroglu, and K. Mankodiya, “Towards fog-driven IoT eHealth: Promises and challenges of IoT in medicine and healthcare,” Future Gener. Comput. Syst. (2017).
[9] European Research Cluster on the Internet of Things, “IoT semantic interoperability: Research challenges, best practices, solutions and next steps,” IERC AC4 Manifesto - “Present and Future,” (2014).
[10] B. Xu, L. D. Xu, H. Cai, C. Xie, J. Hu, and F. Bu, “Ubiquitous data accessing method in IoT-based information system for emergency medical services,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1578–1586 (2014).
[11] L. Jiang, L. D. Xu, H. Cai, Z. Jiang, F. Bu, and B. Xu, “An IoT-oriented data storage framework in cloud computing platform,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1443–1451 (2014).
[12] R. Parveen, R. Singh, and S. Kumar, “IoV based intelligent vehicle tracker using fog computing with supervised machine learning techniques,” J. Discrete Math. Sci. Crypt., vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 1393–1413 (2021).
[13] T. N. Dang and H. M. Vo, “Advanced AES algorithm using dynamic key in the Internet of Things system,” in Proc. 2019 IEEE 4th Int. Conf. Comput. Commun. Syst., Singapore, pp. 682–686 (2019).
[14] P. Bhati, S. Tripathi, S. Kumari, S. Sachan, and R. Sharma, “A research on DNA and RSA cryptography for hybrid encryption and decryption for cloud processing via IoT devices,” in Proc. 2023 2nd Int. Conf. Vision Towards Emerging Trends in Communication and Networking Technologies (ViTECoN), Vellore, India, pp. 1–5 (2023).
[15] N. Alassaf, A. Gutub, S. A. Parah, and M. Al Ghamdi, “Enhancing speed of SIMON: A lightweight-cryptographic algorithm for IoT applications,” Multimedia Tools Appl., vol. 78, pp. 32633–32657 (2019).
[16] M. Abdulraheem, J. B. Awotunde, R. G. Jimoh, and I. D. Oladipo, “An efficient lightweight cryptographic algorithm for IoT security,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Information and Communication Technology and Applications, pp. 444–456 (2020).
[17] O. M. Guillen, T. Pöppelmann, J. M. B. Mera, E. F. Bongenaar, G. Sigl, and J. Sepulveda, “Towards post-quantum security for IoT endpoints with NTRU,” in Proc. Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conf. & Exhibition (DATE), pp. 698–703 (2017).
[18] H. B. Mahajan and A. A. Junnarkar, “Smart healthcare system using integrated and lightweight ECC with private blockchain for multimedia medical data processing,” Multimedia Tools Appl. (2023).
[19] A. A. Diro, N. Chilamkurti, and N. Kumar, “Lightweight cybersecurity schemes using elliptic curve cryptography in publish-subscribe fog computing,” Mobile Netw. Appl., vol. 22, pp. 848–858 (2017).
[20] A. M. Rahmani, T. N. Gia, B. Negash, A. Anzanpour, I. Azimi, M. Jiang, and P. Liljeberg, “Exploiting smart e-health gateways at the edge of healthcare Internet-of-Things: A fog computing approach,” Future Gener. Comput. Syst., vol. 78, pp. 641–658 (2018).
[21] R. Mahmud, F. L. Koch, and R. Buyya, “Cloud-fog interoperability in IoT-enabled healthcare solutions,” in Proc. 19th Int. Conf. Distributed Computing and Networking, ACM, p. 32 (2018).
[22] R. M. Abdelmoneem, A. Benslimane, E. Shaaban, S. Abdelhamid, and S. Ghoneim, “A cloud-fog based architecture for IoT applications dedicated to healthcare,” in Proc. 2019 IEEE Int. Conf. Communications (ICC), 2019, pp. 1–6 (2019).
[23] A. Rajkomar, E. Oren, K. Chen, A. M. Dai, N. Hajaj, M. Hardt, P. J. Liu, X. Sun, P. Sundberg, H. Yee, and others, “Scalable and accurate deep learning with electronic health records,” NPJ Digit. Med., vol. 1, no. 1, p. 18 (2018).
[24] S. S. Dhanda, B. Singh, and P. Jindal, “Demystifying elliptic curve cryptography: Curve selection, implementation and countermeasures to attacks,” J. Interdiscip. Math., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 463–470 (2020). doi: 10.1080/09720502.2020.1731959
[25] S. Jeong, K. Park, Y. Park, and Y. Park, “An efficient NTRU-based authentication protocol in IoT environment,” in K. Arai, S. Kapoor, and R. Bhatia (eds.), Intelligent Computing. SAI 2018, Adv. Intell. Syst. Comput., vol. 857, Springer, Cham, pp. 1153–1165 (2019). doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-01177-2_91.
[26] S. Tuli, N. Basumatary, S. S. Gill, M. Kahani, R. C. Arya, G. S. Wander, and R. Buyya, “HealthFog: An ensemble deep learning based smart healthcare system for automatic diagnosis of heart diseases in integrated IoT and fog computing environments,” Future Gener. Comput. Syst., vol. 104, pp. 187–200 (2020).
[27] M. A. Khan, M. T. Quasim, N. S. Alghamdi, and M. Y. Khan, “A secure framework for authentication and encryption using improved ECC for IoT-based medical sensor data,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 52018–52027 (2020).
[28] Z. Xu, D. He, P. Vijayakumar, K. K. R. Choo, and L. Li, “Efficient NTRU lattice-based certificateless signature scheme for medical cyber-physical systems,” J. Med. Syst., vol. 44, pp. 1–8 (2020).
[29] L. Fetjah, K. Azbeg, O. Ouchetto, and S. J. Andaloussi, “Towards a smart healthcare system: An architecture based on IoT, blockchain, and fog computing,” Int. J. Healthcare Inf. Syst. Informatics (IJHISI), vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 1–18 (2021).
[30] A. Kore and S. Patil, “Cross layered cryptography based secure routing for IoT-enabled smart healthcare system,” Wireless Netw., pp. 1–15 (2022).
[31] S. Saha, A. Hota, B. Choudhury, A. Nag, and S. Nandi, “NTRU and secret sharing based secure group communication for IoT applications,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 117341–117350 (2023). doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3325305
[32] Apple Inc., “Apple Watch Series 6 – Technical Specifications,” [Online]. Available: https://support.apple.com/kb/SP878?locale=en_US. [Accessed: Jun. 30, 2024].




