Leveraging formal languages and automata theory in natural language processing (NLP)

Gambhire, Smita; Panhalkar, Archana R.; Patil, Dipali Himmatrao; Kedar, Seema; Kumar, Malayaj; Panchal, Brijeshkumar Y.

doi:10.47974/JDMSC-2552

Open Access Research Article

Leveraging formal languages and automata theory in natural language processing (NLP)

Smita Gambhiresmitagambhire@csmu.ac.inDepartment of Computer Science & Information TechnologyChhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj UniversityNavi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410206, IndiaView full profile → , ^*Archana R. PanhalkarCorresponding authorarchana10bhosale@rediffmail.comDepartment of Artificial Intelligence & Data ScienceAmrutvahini College of EngineeringSangamner, Maharashtra, 422608, IndiaView full profile → , Dipali Himmatrao Patilpatil.dipali07@gmail.comDepartment of Information TechnologyJSPM’s Rajarshi Shahu College of EngineeringPimpri-Chinchwad, Maharashtra, 411033, IndiaView full profile → , Seema Kedarsvkedar_comp@jspmrscoe.edu.inDepartment of Computer EngineeringJSPM’s Rajarshi Shahu College of EngineeringPimpri-Chinchwad, Maharashtra, 411033, IndiaView full profile → , Malayaj Kumarkumarmalayaj@gmail.comDepartment of Computer EngineeringIndira College of Engineering and ManagementPune, Maharashtra, 410506, IndiaView full profile → , Brijeshkumar Y. Panchalpanchalbrijesh02@gmail.comDepartment of Computer EngineeringSardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Technology (SVIT), Anand DistrictGujarat Technological University (GTU)Vasad, Gujarat, 388306, IndiaView full profile →

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pp. 995–1004Vol. 29Issue 2-BFebruary 2026DOI: 10.47974/JDMSC-2552 Crossmark XML

Received:: 06 May 2025
Published Online:: 18 Feb 2026
Article type:: Research Article
Language:: EN
Article no.:: JDMSC-2552
Pages:: 995–1004

Abstract

Formal languages and automata theory are very important for handling and understanding real languages. This paper discuss about basic automata models, such as finite automata and finite-state transducers, and how they can be used in morphological analysis, tokenization, and lexical analysis. The paper also focuses how these old techniques can be combined with natural language processing methods. In particular, it focusses on mixed models that use automata theory and machine learning to make things more accurate and quick. The part automata theory plays in formal checking and explaining NLP models is also looked at, shows how important it is for making systems that are clear and dependable.

Keywords

Formal languages Automata theory Lexical analysis Machine learning integration NLP explainability

Subject Classifications

31A1033E30

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