Post quantum cryptography for blockchain security using CRYSTALS-Dilithium authentication

Chaurasia, Amit; Sharma, Amit Kumar; Sharma, Sandeep Kumar

doi:10.47974/JDMSC-2588

Open Access Research Article

Post quantum cryptography for blockchain security using CRYSTALS-Dilithium authentication

Amit Chaurasiaamit.chaurasia@jaipur.manipal.eduDepartment of Computer and Communication EngineeringManipal University JaipurJaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, IndiaView full profile → , ^*Amit Kumar SharmaCorresponding authoramit.sharma@jaipur.manipal.eduDepartment of Computer and Communication EngineeringManipal University JaipurJaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, IndiaView full profile → , Sandeep Kumar Sharmasandeep.sharma@jaipur.manipal.eduDepartment of Computer and Communication EngineeringManipal University JaipurJaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, IndiaView full profile →

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pp. 3121–3132Vol. 28Issue 8December 2025DOI: 10.47974/JDMSC-2588 Crossmark XML

Received:: 08 Jul 2025
Published Online:: 08 Dec 2025
Article type:: Research Article
Language:: EN
Article no.:: JDMSC-2588
Pages:: 3121–3132

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of post quantum cryptographic primitives as well as a discussion on some of the challenges of deploying them within decentralized ledger architectures for security of block chains. We categorize candidate primitives based on the security and computation overhead and measure the impact on the consensus latency and the smart contract execution cost. The research implements a layered cryptographic framework that has CRYSTALS-Dilithium lattice-based signatures when used in conjunction with quantum resilient hash functions and using the storage of full public key material off-chain and on-chain verifiability through the storage of public key hashes to preserve it. Experimental evaluation on a dedicated testbed shows that integration of CRYSTALS-Dilithium has transaction signing latency 2-3 ms longer and transaction verification time under 1 ms as compared with ECDSA, and 128-bit Post Quantum Protection. The proof of mathematical analysis is proved by reduction quantum resistance based on Module Learning with Errors (M-LWE) problem to prove the consensus integrity when polynomial-time quantum adversary. Results suggest that hybrid post-quantum schemes are possible route towards quantum resilient blockchain operation that balances between security and accepting performance overhead for permissioned and deployments. This work gives theoretical and practical underpinning for implementation of standardized lattice-based and hash-based post quantum schemes that are critical to building secure, efficient and future-proof blockchain networks.

Keywords

Post-quantum cryptography Blockchain security CRYSTALS-Dilithium Lattice-based signatures Quantum resistance Consensus algorithms

Subject Classifications

Primary 93A30Secondary 49K15

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