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Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography cover

Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography

(Since 1998)
Open Access ·Peer-reviewed·ISSN (Online): 2169-0065·ISSN (Print): 0972-0529

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Monthly Journal: Publishes theoretical and applied research in all areas of Discrete Mathematical Sciences, Cryptography, Combinatorics, Elliptic Curves and Information Security.

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Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography
Open Access Research Article

An efficient image steganography using spider monkey optimization

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pp. 1835–1843Vol. 28Issue 5-AAugust 2025DOI: 10.47974/JDMSC-2183 Crossmark XML
Received:
05 Nov 2024
Published Online:
30 Aug 2025
Article type:
Research Article
Language:
EN
Article no.:
JDMSC-2183
Pages:
1835–1843

Abstract

Image steganography, which encodes secret information into digital photos, is crucial for covert communication. It’s critical to strike a delicate balance between maintaining the altered image’s visual quality (imperceptibility) and concealing just the right amount of information (embedding rate). This paper proposes image steganography using Spider Monkey Optimization (SMO) in conjunction with Least Significant Bit (LSB) embedding, applied on 4-Cover Image Set of Lena-Pepper-Baboon-Jet of pixel size 256 x 256 to optimize pixel selection and reduce distortion to enhance embedding efficiency and security. It finds the optimal solution using SMO algorithm and inserts the message using least significant bit that exhibits the superior performance in order to imperceptibility and payload capacity, compared to Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) along with existing methods. Experimental results depict SMO score 4-6 percent and 10-16 percent in Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Mean Squared Error (MSE) over GA and PSO algorithms.

Keywords

Image steganographyOptimizationSpider monkey optimizationLSBPSNRMSESteganalysis

Subject Classifications

Primary 68M25Secondary 68T01

References

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