Open Access
Research Article·pp. 2165–2191·Vol. 47, Issue 6Jun 2026
A large-scale optimization method based on gradient approximation and hybrid grouping
Haiyan Liu, Yi Cheng, Siyu Gao, Hanzhe Yang
Published Online: 01 Jun 2026DOI: 10.47974/JIOS-2005
In this paper: With advances in science and technology, optimization problems increasingly involve numerous decision variables, posing significant challenges for optimization algorithms. These problems are often men...
