<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-statistics-and-management-systems</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title> Journal of Statistics and Management Systems</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0014</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0510</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JSMS-1584</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Hand gesture recognition using hybrid deep learning models for deaf communication support</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Govind</surname>
            <given-names>Gautam</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Information Technology, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gupta</surname>
            <given-names>Dhruv</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Information Technology, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Jhajharia</surname>
            <given-names>Kavita</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Information Technology, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>29</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>529</fpage>
      <lpage>552</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>27</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>Hand gesture recognition has become an indispensable part of human-computer interaction. It supports intuitive, contactless, and accessible means of communication. This work proposes a robust deep learning-based system for the real-time static recognition of hand gestures to assist communication with the deaf and hard-of-hearing. We propose hybrid architecture that consists of the Swin Transformer for contextual attention, ResNet34 for spatial feature extraction, and a BiLSTM layer for temporal understanding. The model was trained and evaluated using a subset of the HaGRID dataset, consisting of 18 different classes of hand gestures. It achieves a training accuracy rate of 99.3% and a testing accuracy rate of 98.03%, thereby demonstrating its excellence in performance amid different lighting and backgrounds. Our approach proposes a scalable solution that can be integrated into assistive technology for gesture-to-text or gesture-to-speech conversion, thus bridging the communication gap for deaf individuals.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Hand gesture recognition</kwd>
        <kwd>Swin transformer</kwd>
        <kwd>ResNet34</kwd>
        <kwd>Deep learning</kwd>
        <kwd>Human-computer interaction</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
