<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-statistics-and-management-systems</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title> Journal of Statistics and Management Systems</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0014</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0510</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JSMS-1490</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The beta (b5) distribution of Kind-5</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Jayakumar</surname>
            <given-names>G. S. David Sam</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Jamal Institute of Management, Jamal Mohamed College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Trichy, Tamil Nadu, 620020, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Samuel</surname>
            <given-names>W.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Business Administration, Jamal Mohamed College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Trichy, Tamil Nadu, 620020, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>29</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>285</fpage>
      <lpage>299</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>This paper introduces a beta distribution (BD) of Kind-5 with its density function expressed in terms of Gauss hypergeometrric function. Key distributional properties including the cumulative distribution function and the mandatory constants such as central moments, non-central moments, skewness, kurtosis, log-geometric mean, Harmonic mean, Shannon’s differential entropy are thoroughly examined. Additionally, the moment, cumulant, characteristic functions are derived. Special cases are explored through transformations of beta kind-5 variable and parameter shifting. The paper also covers parameter estimation using the method of unconstrained maximum likelihood estimation, the construction of Fisher’s information matrix and a constrained maximum likelihood approach by using non-linear programming with an illustrative application provided.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Beta distribution of kind-5</kwd>
        <kwd>Gauss hyper-geometric function</kwd>
        <kwd>Central moments</kwd>
        <kwd>Fisher’s information matrix</kwd>
        <kwd>Constrained maximum likelihood estimation</kwd>
        <kwd>Sequential quadratic programming</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
