India have strategic ambition to be “VIKSIT BHARAT BY 2047” and we are focusing to be global leaders by Innovative approach. We are observing transformative shift to advance technology, Green & Renewable Energy (RE), Automation & Digitalization, AI-ML and much more progression. To ensure appropriate growth for these initiatives one of the most essential elements is electricity. Due to population rise, lifestyle change, Industrial & economic growth, power demand is continuously increasing. As per current scenario in India, Thermal Power is vital source of electricity. India have exponential growth in RE but due to limitations, backbone is Thermal Power as on today. To ensure sustainability, it is essential to identify Major Challenges of Thermal so that appropriate Strategy can be developed. For commercially viable & socially suitable Power for all, one of the essential requirements is to operate installed Power Units at the best load & efficiency within lowest possible cost. The objective of this study is to identify Major Challenges of Indian Thermal Power Plant Endurance so that appropriate strategies can be reviewed to ensure power sustainability.  For this research, primary data has been collected through Qualitative tools - interviews with Senior Leadership Team and Focused Discussion with Subject Matter Experts (SME) having rich experience in Power Industries and Quantitative tool Questionaries has been adopted and 216 samples have been studied to explore research. Major challenges are Generation Cost Optimization, Job Quality, Fuel Issues, Skill & Experience, Flexible operation, Government Rules and Labor issues. Impact and Occurrence perceptions indicates Risk Priority Number for individual challenges.  Major Challenges have been identified and prioritise with RPN. Further research related to appropriate strategies to overcome Major Challenges to ensure reliable, affordable, socially suitable & environmentally sound energy source shall be explored.