<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-statistics-and-management-systems</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title> Journal of Statistics and Management Systems</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0014</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0510</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JSMS-1395</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Estimating switch points and thresholds when the dependent variable is not observable</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Rao</surname>
            <given-names>T.V.S. Ramamohan</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Economics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>28</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>375</fpage>
      <lpage>385</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>This study deals with a mixture of switching and threshold regression when the dependent variable cannot be measured. However, unlike the earlier attempts, the proposed methods do not assume an apriori probability density function for any of these variables. The switch points and thresholds have been estimated separately. Similarly, the estimation procedure defines transformation of independent variables to reduce the problem to one of estimating a continuous linear regression. Examples have been provided to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed method.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Unobservable dependent variable</kwd>
        <kwd>Switching and threshold</kwd>
        <kwd>Efficient estimation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
