<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-statistics-and-management-systems</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title> Journal of Statistics and Management Systems</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0014</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0510</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JSMS-1192</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A time-delay model for the population dynamics of diabetes during pregnancy</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Yaacob</surname>
            <given-names>Noorehan</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, 81310, Malaysia</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Nasir</surname>
            <given-names>Hanis</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, 81310, Malaysia</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>27</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>1117</fpage>
      <lpage>1137</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>19</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>We studied a delay differential equations model for the population dynamics of diabetes during pregnancy. We considered four variables, namely women who are non-diabetic, women who are diabetic, women with gestational diabetes, and women with gestational diabetes and diabetes-related complications. We investigated the stability analysis of the equilibrium point by deriving of the transcendental characteristic equation. The numerical diagrams are visualized to verify the theoretical results. We further investigated the sensitivity analysis with respect to the equilibrium point. The normalized forward sensitivity indices suggested the critical and sensitive model inputs that capable of being handled to tackle the problems of diabetes during pregnancy.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Gestational diabetes</kwd>
        <kwd>Time delay</kwd>
        <kwd>Stability analysis</kwd>
        <kwd>Sensitivity analysis</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
