<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-statistics-and-management-systems</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title> Journal of Statistics and Management Systems</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0014</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0510</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JSMS-1606</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A critical note on moments of Cauchy distribution based on LOTUS theorem</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Jayakumar</surname>
            <given-names>G. S. David Sam</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Management Studies, Jamal Institute of Management, Jamal Mohamed College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Trichy, Tamil Nadu, 620020, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Samuel</surname>
            <given-names>W.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Business Administration, Jamal Mohamed College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Trichy, Tamil Nadu, 620020, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Thomas</surname>
            <given-names>Bejoy John</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Business Administration, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Rajagiri Business School, Cochin, Kerala, 683104, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <fpage>1</fpage>
      <lpage>18</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>08</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>The moments of Cauchy distribution in statistics are still unexplored and the statisticians already concluded that they are undefined when it involves direct integration. The authors explored the higher order moments of the Cauchy distribution based on LOTUS theorem (Law of the unconscious statistician). At first, the theorem is applied to compute the moments of the normal distribution and the result of the moments are similar when we compared it with the existing results. Hence, this motivates the authors to derive the finite sample moments of Cauchy distribution are numerically displayed. The results derived by the authors are surprising because the real valued random variable of a Cauchy distribution is having finite moments in the complex plane and the moments are expressed in complex numbers. The first ten sample finite moments of the Cauchy distribution are visualized with the help of polar plots to know the magnitude and proximity among the moments.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Moments</kwd>
        <kwd>Lotus theorem</kwd>
        <kwd>Cauchy distribution</kwd>
        <kwd>Normal distribution</kwd>
        <kwd>Complex plane</kwd>
        <kwd>Complex numbers</kwd>
        <kwd>Polar plots</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
