<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-information-and-optimization-sciences</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0103</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0252-2667</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JIOS-2357</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A multi-level trusted security framework for high-fidelity GAN video deepfake detection in real-time systems</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Kumar</surname>
            <given-names>Sanjay</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 209305, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Awasthi</surname>
            <given-names>Deepak</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 209305, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pandey</surname>
            <given-names>Ravi Krishan</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Uttam</surname>
            <given-names>Arun Kumar</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Applications, PSIT College of Higher Education, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, 209305</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gupta</surname>
            <given-names>Shashi Kant</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science and Applications, ITM University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 475001, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>47</volume>
      <issue>8</issue>
      <fpage>3063</fpage>
      <lpage>3072</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>31</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>High-fidelity GANs enable realistic deepfakes, increasing risks of misinformation and fraud. This paper proposes a multi-level trusted framework combining spatio-temporal forensics, hybrid classification, and cryptographic validation for real-time detection. Results show improved accuracy, robustness, and low latency, offering a secure, scalable solution for applications like digital forensics, authentication, surveillance, and social media verification.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Deepfake detection</kwd>
        <kwd>High-fidelity GAN</kwd>
        <kwd>Video forensics</kwd>
        <kwd>Real-time detection</kwd>
        <kwd>Trusted security framework</kwd>
        <kwd>Multi-level authentication</kwd>
        <kwd>Spatio-temporal features</kwd>
        <kwd>Integrity verification</kwd>
        <kwd>Hybrid deep learning</kwd>
        <kwd>Cryptographic validation</kwd>
        <kwd>Decision fusion</kwd>
        <kwd>Adversarial robustness</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
