Secure computing is critical across a wide array of domains, such as finance, healthcare, Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and online services. Blockchain technology has emerged as one of the most transformative frameworks for the development of a secure computing environment. Despite the growing adoption of blockchain in secure computing, most prior research does not offer a comprehensive and systematic review of the various blockchain-based security models, their challenges, and their impact on different computing environments. This paper presents a systematic review of existing blockchain technologies focusing on how blockchain enhances secure computing. We have employed a structured methodology, beginning with the identification of key research questions, followed by an extensive search and filtration of relevant studies, and concluding with a comparative analysis and final report. A detailed comparative study of blockchain systems is conducted to address the security and privacy aspects of the blockchain-based secure computing environment. Despite its advantages, this paper also presents several challenges, which represent opportunities for future research and development.