There is a constrained in wireless sensor network by the limited battery as a resources, make efficiently use of energy efficiency in design protocol. Premature node death reduces coverage, connectivity, and data reliability, thereby limiting the operational lifespan of the network. To address this challenge, we propose a novel protocol named Adaptive Duty-Cycled Clustering and Routing for WSNs (ADCR-WSN), which integrates energy-aware cluster head election, duty-cycled intra-cluster communication, and gradient-based multi-hop inter-cluster routing. Unlike existing protocols that optimize clustering, routing, or duty cycling in isolation, ADCR-WSN employs a lightweight feedback controller to dynamically adjust duty cycles based on real-time residual energy, ensuring balanced energy consumption across the network. Using a first-order radio model, ADCR-WSN is evaluated against canonical protocols including LEACH, HEED, TEEN, and PEGASIS.