<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-information-and-optimization-sciences</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0103</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0252-2667</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JIOS-2052</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>On a new variant Sombor matrix and energy of total transformation graphs of regular graphs</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Veeresha</surname>
            <given-names>R. G.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Manasagangotri, J S S Science and Technology University, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570006, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <given-names>Siddaraju</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, Government First Grade College for Women, Chamarajanagara, Karnataka, 571313, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>M</surname>
            <given-names>Nanjundaswamy</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, Byrapura, T Narasipur Taluk, Government First Grade College for Women, Mysore District, Karnataka, 571124, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sujatha</surname>
            <given-names>R.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Manasagangotri, J S S Science and Technology University, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570006, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>47</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>727</fpage>
      <lpage>740</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>In this study, we introduce a new variant of the Sombor matrix, denoted by 𝒩𝒮o(ζ), associated with a simple graph ζ(n, e), where the (i, j)-entry for i ≠ j is equal to √(ςi2 + ςj2) and 0 in the either case, where ςi represents the degree of ith vertex. The Sombor energy E𝒩𝒮o (ζ) represents the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of the Sombor matrix. The spectrum and E𝒩𝒮o (ζ) is obtained for total transformation graphs ζxyz of regular graphs. Also as an application, a set of 26 hetero atoms with total π-electron energy is analyzed, and a regression analysis is performed using E𝒩𝒮o (ζ) for the hetero atoms. The linear regression model yields a correlation coefficient of r = 0.982.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Sombor matrix</kwd>
        <kwd>Sombor energy</kwd>
        <kwd>Spectrum</kwd>
        <kwd>Total transformation graphs</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
