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<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-information-and-optimization-sciences</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0103</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0252-2667</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JIOS-2497</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Ethical considerations in deploying post-quantum cryptography in healthcare</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kulkarni</surname>
            <given-names>Shantanu</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Emergency Medicine, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, Maharashtra, 415539, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Korwar</surname>
            <given-names>Dipti Ganesh</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Engineering Science and Humanities, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, 411037, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Kale</surname>
            <given-names>Preeti Pandurang</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Electronics &amp; Computer Engineering, CSMSS Chh. Shahu College of Engineering, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra, 431011, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mohammad</surname>
            <given-names>Manzoor</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science and Engineering (Artificial Intelligence &amp; Machine Learning), Vardhaman College of Engineering, Shamshabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 501218, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Purushothaman</surname>
            <given-names>Indu</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Research, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education &amp; Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600087, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gaurav</surname>
            <given-names>Amit</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>School of Engineering &amp; Technology, Noida International University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201312, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>47</volume>
      <issue>10</issue>
      <fpage>3719</fpage>
      <lpage>3729</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>31</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>While it is essential for healthcare to migrate to post quantum to safeguard sensitive medical data that has a long lifespan, the deployment presents challenges in terms of computational power, interoperability, accessibility, and responsible data protection. This study puts forth a framework for the evaluation of secure and responsible migration from a health care perspective which is called Ethical Post-Quantum Cryptography Healthcare Framework (E-PQC-HCF). The methodology combines the ML-KEM-768, ML-DSA-65, AES-256-GCM and AHP-TOPSIS methods for evaluating the security, performance, privacy, interoperability, and ethics. During a controlled prototype evaluation, E-PQC-HCF had a satisfaction rate for policy compliance of 96.2% and a success rate for interoperability of 93.8% with an ECC-based baseline authentication latency that has been increased by 12.6%. The hybrid configuration proposed in this paper is 9.3% more suitable than the deployment of standalone PQC as suggested by AHP-TOPSIS. The novelty here is using measurable ethical criteria, in conjunction with PQC selection. The findings show that, with a good PQC migration strategy, the protection of healthcare data over the long term can be improved and not affect the operational overhead and compatibility.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Post-quantum cryptography</kwd>
        <kwd>Healthcare data security</kwd>
        <kwd>Ethical cryptography</kwd>
        <kwd>ML-KEM-768</kwd>
        <kwd>ML-DSA-65</kwd>
        <kwd>AHP-TOPSIS</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
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          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
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        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
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  </front>
</article>
