<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-information-and-optimization-sciences</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0103</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0252-2667</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JIOS-1179</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Hesitant fuzzy sets in the meaning of infimum on UP-algebras</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Julatha</surname>
            <given-names>Pongpun</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Songsaeng</surname>
            <given-names>Metawee</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, School of Science, University of Phayao, Mae Ka, Mueang, Phayao, 56000, Thailand</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Iampan</surname>
            <given-names>Aiyared</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, School of Science, University of Phayao, Mae Ka, Mueang, Phayao, 56000, Thailand</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>46</volume>
      <issue>7</issue>
      <fpage>2017</fpage>
      <lpage>2046</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>04</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>The idea of inf at -hesitant fuzzy UP-subalgebras (inf at-HFUPSs) (resp., UP-filters (UPFs), UP-ideals (UPIs), strong UP-ideals (SUPIs)) is presented, various facts are proven, and the generalizations of these hesitant fuzzy sets (HFSs) are addressed. This concept is a generalization of interval-valued fuzzy UPSs (IvFUPSs) (resp., UPFs, UPIs, SUPIs) of UP-algebras. In addition, we analyze the relationships between the level subsets of the  inf-hesitant fuzzy UPSs (inf-HFUPSs) (resp., UPFs, UPIs, SUPIs). Finally, characterizations of  inf-HFUPSs (resp., UPFs, UPIs, SUPIs) are examined in terms of fuzzy sets (FSs), Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs), HFSs, interval-valued fuzzy sets (IvFSs), and cubic sets (CSs). </p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>UP-algebra</kwd>
        <kwd>fuzzy set</kwd>
        <kwd>Pythagorean fuzzy set</kwd>
        <kwd>Hesitant fuzzy set</kwd>
        <kwd>Interval-valued fuzzy set</kwd>
        <kwd>Cubic set</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
