<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-information-and-optimization-sciences</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0103</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0252-2667</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JIOS-2022</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Scam detection secure cryptographic model for detection of scams in UPI transactions with web application</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Chakka</surname>
            <given-names>Naga Bhavani</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>VIT School of Business, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Saheb</surname>
            <given-names>Shaiku Shahida</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>VIT School of Business, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>46</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>1933</fpage>
      <lpage>1944</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>Unified Payments Interface (UPI) transactions require advanced technologies for rapid and accurate fraud detection. UPI systems face threats such as phishing, spoofing, and unauthorized access as digital payments expand. Effective detection leverages machine learning, behavioral analytics, and real-time monitoring to analyze transaction patterns, user behavior, and device data. This study develops a secure cryptographic model using the Weighted Hyperbolic Curve Cryptography (WHCC) approach for UPI scam detection in web applications. The WHCC model efficiently monitors transactions by evaluating key attributes. Simulation results indicate a high transaction score of 0.91, demonstrating its effectiveness in fraud prevention.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Unified payments interface (UPI)</kwd>
        <kwd>Hyperbolic curve cryptography (HCC)</kwd>
        <kwd>Web application</kwd>
        <kwd>Attributes</kwd>
        <kwd>Cryptography</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
