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<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-information-and-optimization-sciences</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0103</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0252-2667</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JIOS-2023</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Heart disorder detection using evolutionary algorithms : A real-time pulse sensor system for early intervention</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kanna</surname>
            <given-names>R. Kishore</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&amp;D Institute of Science &amp; Technology, Chennai, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Panigrahi</surname>
            <given-names>Bhawani Sankar</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, GITAM School of Technology, GITAM University, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sen</surname>
            <given-names>Sanjay Kumar</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Brainware University, Kolkata, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sahoo</surname>
            <given-names>Susanta Kumar</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science Engineering &amp; Applications, Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology, Sarang, Odisha, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Duvvi</surname>
            <given-names>Soujanya</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, GITAM School of Technology, GITAM University, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kavididevi</surname>
            <given-names>Venkatesh</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Information Technology, Vardhaman College of Engineering, Hyderabad, Telangana, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>46</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>1945</fpage>
      <lpage>1951</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>Heart disorders, including the risk of heart attacks, have become more prevalent recently. We put forward a technology that uses in-home pulse sensors to determine a person’s heart rate. For the purpose of determining a person’s heart rate, the sensor is connected to a microcontroller. The user may establish a heart- beat restriction with high and low values. Following the establishment of these restrictions, the system begins monitoring. When the patient’s heart rate exceeds the normal range, the system alerts the controller before transmitting via the internet. When the heart rate is abnormal, the system warns both the physicians and the worried users. Every time a user connects in for monitoring, the patient’s live heart rate is shown. As a result, the physician is promptly notified of the patient’s anomalous state, allowing for prompt intervention.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Biosensor</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac</kwd>
        <kwd>Medical electronics</kwd>
        <kwd>Prototype</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
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        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
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  </front>
</article>
