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<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-information-and-optimization-sciences</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0103</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0252-2667</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JIOS-1794</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Optimal route planning for multi-level multi-choice transportation problem with uncertain parameters using Lagrange’s interpolating polynomial</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Joshi</surname>
            <given-names>Vishwas Deep</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, JECRC University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303905, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sharma</surname>
            <given-names>Medha</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, JECRC University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303905, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alhefthi</surname>
            <given-names>Reem K.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, P. O. Box 2455, 11451, Saudi Arabia</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Purohit</surname>
            <given-names>Mahesh</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, Govind Guru Tribal University, Banswara, Rajasthan, 327001, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>46</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>761</fpage>
      <lpage>766</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>This study introduces a multi-level multi-choice multi-objective linear transportation problem (ML-MCMOLTP) that involves uncertain variables. Multi-level programming addresses scenarios in which multiple decision makers are involved in modeling decentralized planning problems inside a hierarchical system. In the model described in this paper, the objective is to maximize profit by selecting the most suitable choice from a set of options for the cost coefficients of the objective function. This is achieved by introducing Lagrange’s interpolating polynomial. It is important to note that all parameters involved, such as supply and demand, are treated as uncertain variables.   Additionally, I will provide a numerical illustration of a three-level uncertain linear transit problem.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Transportation problem</kwd>
        <kwd>Multi-level programming</kwd>
        <kwd>Multi-choice</kwd>
        <kwd>Multi-objective programming</kwd>
        <kwd>Lagrange’s interpolating polynomial</kwd>
        <kwd>Fuzzy goal programming</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
