<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-information-and-optimization-sciences</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0103</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0252-2667</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JIOS-1635</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A study on the impact of regulatory challenges on the earnings of Indian street vendors : A case study of Puri district</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Sahoo</surname>
            <given-names>Smruti Rekha</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Commerce, Samanta Chandra Sekhar (Autonomous) College, Puri, Odisha, 752001, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>45</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>1581</fpage>
      <lpage>1589</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>Street vendors form a significant and diverse segment of the informal economy that operate without fixed business premises. Their contribution to the GDP cannot be ignored and they play a crucial role in the overall economic development. Despite the positive contributions, they are often subjected to different vulnerabilities and regulatory challenges being one of them. This paper is a descriptive study which aims to examine how different regulatory issues impacts the earnings of street vendors on daily basis. Statistical techniques like confirmatory factor analysis to identify the different indicators of regulatory challenges and ordinal logistic regression have been used to study its impact on earnings. Results showed that there is a strong negative relationship between regulatory issues and income which is consistent across different levels of income.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Challenges</kwd>
        <kwd>Contribution</kwd>
        <kwd>Income</kwd>
        <kwd>Negative</kwd>
        <kwd>Regulatory issues</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
