<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-information-and-optimization-sciences</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0103</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0252-2667</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JIOS-1579</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Photonics for AI and AI for photonics integration : Materials and characteristics</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Sharma</surname>
            <given-names>Sunil</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Electronics Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, Kota, Rajasthan, 324010, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tharani</surname>
            <given-names>Lokesh</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Electronics Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, Kota, Rajasthan, 324010, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>45</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>805</fpage>
      <lpage>816</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>27</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>Photonics and artificial intelligence (AI) are two rapidly advancing fields that have the potential to revolutionize various technological domains. This paper explores the convergence of photonics and AI, focusing on the integration of photonics for AI applications and the utilization of AI techniques for advancing photonics technology. Paper explores the materials used in photonics for AI systems, highlighting their unique characteristics and advantages. Additionally, examine how AI methodologies such as machine learning and neural networks are applied in optimizing photonics systems, enhancing their sensitivity performance and enabling novel functionalities. Through this exploration, results obtained provide sensitivity analysis and refractive index calculation of twin core photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The synergistic relationship between photonics and AI and its potential implications for advancing information and optimization sciences is also presented.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Photonics crystal fiber</kwd>
        <kwd>Finite element method</kwd>
        <kwd>Artificial intelligence</kwd>
        <kwd>Twin core</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
