Advancements in Mathematics and Optimization Techniques in Technology and Business are integral components of numerous scientific and practical domains, providing valuable tools for understanding complex phenomena, making informed decisions, and predicting outcomes. Over the years, these disciplines have witnessed significant advancements, driven by the relentless pursuit of improved methodologies, the availability of vast amount of data, and the need to address increasingly intricate real-world problems. One of the key areas of focus in this special issue is the development of mathematical modeling techniques for complex systems which are characterized by their intricate interconnectedness, making them challenging to study and analyze. Researchers have made significant strides in developing sophisticated mathematical models and computational methods to simulate and understand such systems. Network modeling, agent-based modeling, stochastic modeling, and dynamical systems are among the areas that have seen remarkable progress, enabling researchers to gain deeper insights into the behavior and dynamics of complex systems.