<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-information-and-optimization-sciences</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0103</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0252-2667</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JIOS-2041</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Independent domination bondage number in graphs</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Mehraban</surname>
            <given-names>M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematical Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, 89195-741, Iran</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alikhani</surname>
            <given-names>Saeid</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematical Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, 89195-741, Iran</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <fpage>1</fpage>
      <lpage>12</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>11</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>We study the independent domination bondage number in simple graphs. An independent dominating set S of a graph G is characterized by two conditions: its vertices are not adjacent to each other, and all vertices outside S are adjacent to at least one vertex within S. The independent domination number, γi (G), represents the smallest possible size of such a set. Our focus is on the independent domination bondage number, which quantifies the minimum edge removals needed to alter γi (G). This research establishes several bounds for this parameter and computes its value for specific graph operations involving two graphs. </p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Dominating set</kwd>
        <kwd>Independent domination number</kwd>
        <kwd>Independent domination bondage number</kwd>
        <kwd>Operation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
