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<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-information-and-optimization-sciences</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0103</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0252-2667</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JIOS-2374</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Attention consistency for robust deepfake detection : An informationtheoretic perspective</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jadhav</surname>
            <given-names>Swati</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Engineering &amp; Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Mohite</surname>
            <given-names>Sagar</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science and Engineering,, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, 411043, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rajput</surname>
            <given-names>Vaishali</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Maharashtra, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ashtagi</surname>
            <given-names>Rashmi</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Engineering &amp; Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pai</surname>
            <given-names>Anusha</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Engineering &amp; Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Betgeri</surname>
            <given-names>Santushti</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Engineering &amp; Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <fpage>1</fpage>
      <lpage>20</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>The increasing realism of Deepfake media generated by modern models poses significant risks to digital trust and forensics. Although Vision Transformer-based detectors outperform Convolutional Methods, they remain vulnerable to unstable attention under common perturbations and often operate in closed-set settings, leading to overconfidence on unseen forgeries. This work analyzes attention consistency as an information-theoretic approach to enhance detection reliability. We propose an Attention-Consistent Vision Transformer (ViT-ACR) that employs Kullback–Leibler divergence to stabilize self-attention distributions. An entropy-based decision rule enables uncertainty-aware open-set inference. Experiments under identity-disjoint protocols across multiple public benchmarks demonstrate strong cross-dataset generalization, achieving 99.28% accuracy on FaceForensics++ and 89.57% mean AUC on six unseen datasets, with reduced predictive uncertainty under compression.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Deepfake detection</kwd>
        <kwd>Vision transformer</kwd>
        <kwd>Attention consistency</kwd>
        <kwd>Entropy</kwd>
        <kwd>Information security</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
