<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-interdisciplinary-mathematics</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-012X</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0502</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JIM-2308</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The complex dynamics of rational maps having no Herman ring</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Al-Shara`a</surname>
            <given-names>Iftichar Mudhar</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Al-Salami</surname>
            <given-names>Hassanein Q.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>29</volume>
      <issue>5-A</issue>
      <fpage>1255</fpage>
      <lpage>1262</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>27</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>This work aims to study the complex dynamics of rational maps, which, according to the Sullivan component, include sets of forward cyclic iterations, which include both equivalent and doubly connected components, where according to study the family of complex rational maps given by   Qa (z) = 2an+1 z–n + z2n – a3n+1/(zn (z2n – an–1)  where n ≥ 2 and a ∈ Λ ≔ C\{0} – {a : an+1 = 1 or a2n+2 = 1} So, the family would be considered a perturbation of a polynomial map. Therefore, we get the results. So Qa has neither infinitely connected attracting components nor equivalent (equivalent) components if the orbits of all free critical points are not attracted to the origin or infinity. Also, Qa  does not contain Herman’s ring. So Qa has no Siegel disc.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Julia sets</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatou components</kwd>
        <kwd>Herman ring</kwd>
        <kwd>Doubly connected</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
