<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-interdisciplinary-mathematics</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-012X</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0502</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JIM-2304</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Oscillation of Nicholson’s blowflies equation</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Jaber</surname>
            <given-names>Ghofran Hassan</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mohamad</surname>
            <given-names>Hussain Ali</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>29</volume>
      <issue>5-A</issue>
      <fpage>1219</fpage>
      <lpage>1227</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>27</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>In this paper, the oscillation property and the asymptotic behavior of all solutions to Nicholson’s blowfly equation for variable-coefficient flies are studied. While most researchers have studied Nicholson’s blowfly equation, with constant coefficients, and established some conditions to ensure the oscillation of all solutions of this equation about the equilibrium. In this research, the Nicholson’s blowfly equation with variable coefficients was studied. By choosing the variable coefficient, we will have more than one equilibrium axis. This requires choosing points within the range of δ(ω) and P(ω)  functions that are consistent with the axis of optimal equilibrium. Sufficient conditions are established to ensure that these solutions oscillate about the equilibrium axis. To obtain these conditions, some auxiliary Lemmas are presented, and their effectiveness in obtaining the main results is demonstrated. Examples of the obtained results are also presented, and illustrate how to choose the optimal equilibrium as well as the optimal points of δ(ω) and P(ω) which achieves oscillation of all solutions.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Oscillation</kwd>
        <kwd>Nicholson’s blowflies’ model</kwd>
        <kwd>Nonlinear delay differential equations</kwd>
        <kwd>Asymptotic behavior</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
