<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-interdisciplinary-mathematics</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-012X</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0502</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JIM-2310</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Hybrid approach to solve delay differential equations</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Khudhair</surname>
            <given-names>Hatim Kareem</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Hussain</surname>
            <given-names>Kasim Abbas</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>29</volume>
      <issue>5-A</issue>
      <fpage>1271</fpage>
      <lpage>1277</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>27</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>In order to solve delay differential equations (DDEs), this work proposes a novel hybrid methodology that combines the Emad-Falih transform (EF) and homotopy perturbation methods (HPM), which is named (HPEFM). A perturbation theory is combined with an unusual transform known as the EF transform. The few numerical cases are solved to illustrate this new methodology. The goal for this study is to make computational jobs related to traditional methods easier. The results show the extent of the valuation decrease and are comparable to those of earlier studies.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Emad-Failh transform</kwd>
        <kwd>Homotopy perturbation method</kwd>
        <kwd>Delay differential equations</kwd>
        <kwd>Initial value problems</kwd>
        <kwd>Hybrid method</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
