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<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-interdisciplinary-mathematics</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-012X</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0502</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JIM-2573</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Mathematical cognitive modelling enhanced by deep learning for understanding human decision making in complex sequential tasks</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Ananthakrishnan</surname>
            <given-names>Gayathri</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Information Technology, School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ghanimi</surname>
            <given-names>Hayder M. A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Information Technology, College of Science, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, 56001, Iraq</aff>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Kerbala, Karbala, 56001, Iraq</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Babu</surname>
            <given-names>Kolluru Suresh</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522508, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kata</surname>
            <given-names>Anilambica</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Hyderabad, Telangana, 509217, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sravanthi</surname>
            <given-names>Gunaganti</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Malla Reddy College of Engineering &amp; Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500100, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Smerat</surname>
            <given-names>Aseel</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Hourani Centre for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sengan</surname>
            <given-names>Sudhakar</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science and Engineering, PSN College of Engineering &amp; Technology (Autonomous), Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627152, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dadheech</surname>
            <given-names>Pankaj</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Swami Keshvanand Institute of Technology, Management &amp; Gramothan (SKIT), Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>29</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>1033</fpage>
      <lpage>1044</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>09</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>Conventional mathematical models and data-driven deep learning (DL) methods are both tested for Human Decision-Making (HDM) in Complex Sequential Tasks (CST). These methods include complicated cognitive functions. Considering the use of adaptive timing mechanisms, the present research introduces a hybrid model that includes statistical cognitive dynamic models with Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) attention networks. While DL serves as the basis for collecting temporal behavioural patterns, the mathematical model is vital for recording value changes, cognitive load, and decision selection by its application of classical Boltzmann logic. The mathematical model of contraction mapping serves as the basis for the invention of convergence guarantees. The recommended model achieves 84.7% prediction accuracy and improved cognitive state alignment (CSD=0.187) when tested on the Iowa Gambling Task dataset, involving 617 participants. The proposed model improves the accuracy of mathematical models by 12.4% and the validity of DL by 3.5%. This research has enabled the interpretation of artificial intelligence (AI) for human-centred decision support systems.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Cognitive modelling</kwd>
        <kwd>Deep learning</kwd>
        <kwd>Human decision-making</kwd>
        <kwd>Sequential decision processes</kwd>
        <kwd>BiLSTM</kwd>
        <kwd>Attention mechanisms</kwd>
        <kwd>Hybrid systems</kwd>
        <kwd>Iowa gambling task</kwd>
        <kwd>Cognitive state alignment</kwd>
        <kwd>Adaptive gating</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
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          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
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        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
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  </front>
</article>
