In the contemporary healthcare landscape, mathematics is integral, offering systematic solutions and frameworks for modeling biological processes, analyzing clinical data, optimizing treatment strategies, and informing medical decision-making. This study looks at interdisciplinary uses of mathematical tools in healthcare systems with particular emphasis on mathematical modelling, differential equations, dynamical systems, physiological modelling, pharmacokinetics and healthcare data analytics. Mathematical models are used to capture cardiovascular and physiological processes, and used to quantitatively analyse their complex interactions and disease progression. Differential equations can be used in simulation of time-dependent clinical condition, and pharmacokinetic modeling is helpful in estimating the dosages of effective drugs and planning a therapy. In addition, mathematical optimization, probability and statistical analysis are used to improve the management of resources in healthcare and clinical decision making.