<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-interdisciplinary-mathematics</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-012X</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0502</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JIM-2824</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Differential equation models for tumor growth dynamics</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mhaske </surname>
            <given-names>Pallavi  Vilas</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>MIT School of Food Technology, Faculty of MIT Art, MIT Art Design and Technology University, Pune, Maharashtra, 412201, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gawande</surname>
            <given-names>Namrata</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Engineering, Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering, Nigdi, Pune, Maharashtra, 411044, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Tahsildar</surname>
            <given-names>Mehru  Salahuddin</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Pathology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, Maharashtra, 415539, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Singh</surname>
            <given-names>Rahuk  Kumar</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>School of Engineering and Technology, Noida International University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201312, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Suryavanshi</surname>
            <given-names>Jyotsna</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Engineering Science and Humanities, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, 411037, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sumasree</surname>
            <given-names>P.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science, Aditya Degree &amp; PG College (Autonomous), Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, 533003, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Yadav</surname>
            <given-names>Indresh</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Electrical Engineering, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281406, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>29</volume>
      <issue>10</issue>
      <fpage>3123</fpage>
      <lpage>3134</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>27</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>Growth of tumors is a complex process that is regulated by cellular proliferation, the availability of nutrients and the development of blood vessels, as well as by the tumor’s environment. This research builds a mathematical model based on differential equations to analyze the dynamics of tumor growth and the related control of tumor angiogenesis. Proposed model represents tumour cell population and carrying capacity by coupled non-linear differential equations along with the intrinsic proliferation, growth limitation, vascular support and tumour-induced angiogenesis. Systematically biological assumptions and model variables are expressed to set up realistic relations between the expansion of the tumor and the availability of resources. A numerical solution algorithm is used to explore the changes in tumor volume and vascular carrying capacity for various parameter values. Results of the simulations show typical growth phases: a period of fast growth which leads to a period of slower growth where environmental factors are limiting growth. The framework allows for quantitative analysis of the tumor progression, equilibrium and parameter sensitivity. The proposed model is a flexible mathematical framework for the understanding of the dynamics of a tumor and the computational evaluation of therapeutic strategies.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Tumor growth dynamics</kwd>
        <kwd>Differential equations</kwd>
        <kwd>Mathematical modeling</kwd>
        <kwd>Angiogenesis</kwd>
        <kwd>Carrying capacity</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
