<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-interdisciplinary-mathematics</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-012X</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0502</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JIM-2441</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Construction of tubular surface by infinitesimal bending of a curve</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Chauhan</surname>
            <given-names>Suyash Parkash</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173234, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Pandey</surname>
            <given-names>Pradeep Kumar</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173234, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Chaubey</surname>
            <given-names>Sudhakar Kumar</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Information Technology, Section of Mathematics, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Sinhas, 324, Oman</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>29</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>209</fpage>
      <lpage>224</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>14</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>This paper investigates the tubular surface generated by the first-order infinitesimal bending of a regular curve in Euclidean space R3. We also study the focal surfaces derived from the tubular surface. First, the invariants of the mean and Gaussian curvatures are computed. Additionally, conditions are examined for parametric curves to be geodesic or asymptotic lines on these surfaces. Finally, several examples are provided with visual representations. </p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Infinitesimal bending</kwd>
        <kwd>Tubular surface</kwd>
        <kwd>Gaussian and mean curvatures</kwd>
        <kwd>Focal surfaces</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
