<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-interdisciplinary-mathematics</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-012X</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0502</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JIM-2206</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>∫-focal nested set</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Kareem</surname>
            <given-names>Maryam Khenyab</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jabar</surname>
            <given-names>L. A. A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>28</volume>
      <issue>3-B</issue>
      <fpage>1173</fpage>
      <lpage>1183</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>08</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>In this work, we derived two new mathematical concepts in ∫-topological spaces with significant effects on topological concepts, which are (∫-focal nested set, ∫-focal ingrained set), and were constructed based on the grill and its properties. The most important properties of both were highlighted by providing various examples and an intensive study of their shared and interrelated properties. </p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>∫-focal</kwd>
        <kwd>∫-nested</kwd>
        <kwd>∫- ingrained</kwd>
        <kwd>∫-focal nested set</kwd>
        <kwd>∫-focal ingrained set</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
