<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-interdisciplinary-mathematics</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-012X</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0502</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JIM-2026</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Bi-nano topological spaces with grill bi-open sets</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Jasim</surname>
            <given-names>Rana H.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Yaseen</surname>
            <given-names>Rana B.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, College of Education for Women, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Shihab</surname>
            <given-names>Ali A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, College Education for Pure Sciences, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>28</volume>
      <issue>3-A</issue>
      <fpage>909</fpage>
      <lpage>915</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>08</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>The study introduces a new concept in Nano topological spaces is said Grill Bi-Nano topological spaces via studying three issues disjoint of each other rely on the number of equivalence relations for the universe set and its subset and also present definitions for the GN1,2- interior and GN1,2- closure of sets with this framework and we briefly discuss some characteristics of local functions. </p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Grill bi-nano-topological space</kwd>
        <kwd>Grill bi-nano interior</kwd>
        <kwd>Grill bi-nano closure</kwd>
        <kwd>Multi - Granular bi-nano topology new class of</kwd>
        <kwd>Grill bi-nano closed sets</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
