<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-interdisciplinary-mathematics</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-012X</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0502</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JIM-1290</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Variance estimation using an optional randomized response technique</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aloraini</surname>
            <given-names>Badr</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, 27412, U.S.A.</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Khalil</surname>
            <given-names>Sadia</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Statistics, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Qureshi</surname>
            <given-names>Muhammad Nouman</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Statistics, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore, 54660, Pakistan</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Gupta</surname>
            <given-names>Sat</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, 27412, U.S.A.</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>28</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>369</fpage>
      <lpage>380</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>15</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>Gupta et al. [2] used a Randomized Response Technique (RRT) to propose several estimators for finite population variance of a sensitive study variable using auxiliary information. In this paper, we modify those estimators by using the more efficient form of RRT, namely, Optional Randomized Response Technique (ORRT). Performance of the proposed estimators is evaluated using a unified measure of respondent privacy and estimator efficiency. We also estimate the sensitivity level of the sensitive study variable.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Auxiliary information</kwd>
        <kwd>Mean squared error</kwd>
        <kwd>Optional randomized response technique</kwd>
        <kwd>Respondent privacy</kwd>
        <kwd>Variance estimation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
