<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-interdisciplinary-mathematics</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-012X</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0502</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JIM-1859</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Proactive decisions and stochastic discounting models in risk treatment operations</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Artikis</surname>
            <given-names>Constantinos T.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Tourism, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Ionian University, Corfu, 49132, Greece</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Artikis</surname>
            <given-names>Panagiotis T.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Accounting &amp; Finance, School of Management, Economic and Social Sciences, University of West Attica, Egaleo, Athens, 12244, Greece</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>27</volume>
      <issue>7</issue>
      <fpage>1505</fpage>
      <lpage>1515</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>It is known the strong practical support of the consideration of fundamental probabilistic concepts as structural factors for the implementations of stochastic modeling operations. It is widely acknowledged that random sums, stochastic integrals, and stochastic models are probabilistic concepts of exceptional significance. The paper focuses on the development of stochastic models by establishing interconnections between the very important probabilistic concepts of random sums and stochastic integrals. In addition, the paper demonstrates how such stochastic models can be implemented to incorporate the crucial concept of proactivity in decision making related to risk treatment operations. Clearly, evidence is presented regarding the effectiveness of making proactive decisions in facilitating the design and implementation of risk treatment.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Random sum</kwd>
        <kwd>Stochastic integral</kwd>
        <kwd>Model</kwd>
        <kwd>Characteristic function</kwd>
        <kwd>Integral equation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
