<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-discrete-mathematical-sciences-and-cryptography</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0065</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0529</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JDMSC-2785</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Fuzzy algebra-based cryptographic key generation models for secure communication systems</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Dudiki</surname>
            <given-names>Narahari</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science and Engineering, KKR &amp; KSR Institute of Technology &amp; Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522017, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Manjunathan</surname>
            <given-names>N.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&amp;D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Prasad</surname>
            <given-names>Alahari Hanumat</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science &amp; Engineering (Artificial Intelligence &amp; Data Science), Kallam Haranadhareddy Institute of Technology, Chowdavaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522019, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Revathi</surname>
            <given-names>S.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science, SRM Institute of Science &amp; Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 600089, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ravikumar</surname>
            <given-names>R. N.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560069, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Chandan</surname>
            <given-names>Madhavarapu</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, 522302, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Balaji</surname>
            <given-names>V.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science and Engineering (Cyber Security), Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600089, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kumar</surname>
            <given-names>N. S. R.  Phanindra</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Aditya Institute of Technology and Management, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, 532201, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>29</volume>
      <issue>9-B</issue>
      <fpage>3583</fpage>
      <lpage>3592</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>Traditional key generation algorithms, while mathematically sound, exhibit rigidity when confronted with noisy, uncertain, or biometric input environments. This research proposes a novel Fuzzy Algebra-Based Cryptographic Key Generation Model (FACKGM) designed to address these challenges through the integration of fuzzy set theory, fuzzy algebraic structures, and established cryptographic primitives. The proposed model leverages fuzzy membership functions, T-norm and S-norm operators, and fuzzy inference systems to transform imprecise input parameters into high-entropy cryptographic keys suitable for use in secure communication systems. The model supports adaptive key sizing between 512 and 1024 bits, demonstrating scalability across diverse security requirements.Simulation experiments were conducted to evaluate the proposed model against RSA-2048, AES-256, and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC-256) across parameters including key generation time, entropy level, avalanche effect, brute-force resistance, and side-channel attack robustness. Results indicate that FACKGM achieves a key generation time of 20.4 ms, an entropy level of 148.7 bits, a key uniqueness rate of 99.93%, and brute-force resistance estimated at 10^72 years, significantly outperforming contemporary algorithms. The proposed model thus presents a computationally efficient, mathematically rigorous, and noise-tolerant cryptographic key generation solution for next-generation secure communication infrastructures.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Fuzzy algebra</kwd>
        <kwd>Cryptographic key generation</kwd>
        <kwd>Fuzzy inference system</kwd>
        <kwd>Secure communication</kwd>
        <kwd>Membership functions</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
