<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-discrete-mathematical-sciences-and-cryptography</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0065</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0529</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JDMSC-2802</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Sum 3-equitable labelling in wheel graph</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sijwali</surname>
            <given-names>Purnika</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics &amp; Data Science, Sharda School of Engineering &amp; Science, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Srivastav</surname>
            <given-names>Sweta</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics &amp; Data Science, Sharda School of Engineering &amp; Science, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname> Gupta</surname>
            <given-names>Sangeeta</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics &amp; Data Science, Sharda School of Engineering &amp; Science, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Khurana</surname>
            <given-names>Rachna</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Applied Sciences, Sharda University Agra, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>29</volume>
      <issue>9-A</issue>
      <fpage>3315</fpage>
      <lpage>3321</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>In this paper, we investigate a MATLAB program to demonstrate the behavior of wheel graphs under sum 3-equitable labeling. A vertex labeling ζ of a graph W, defined as a bijection from the vertex set V(W) to the set {0, 1, 2…., m−1}, induces an edge labeling ζ*given by:ζ * (qr) = {0 if ζ(q) + ζ(r) ≡ 0(mod3) 1 if ζ(q) + ζ(r) ≡ 1(mod3) 2 if ζ(q) + z(r) ≡ 2(mod3)and |eζ (l) – eζ (k)| ≤ 1 for all 0 ≤ l, k ≤ 2. A graph which preserves sum 3-equitable labeling is called a sum 3- equitable graph.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Wheel graph</kwd>
        <kwd>Sum 3-equitable labeling</kwd>
        <kwd>MATLAB</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
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    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
