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<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-discrete-mathematical-sciences-and-cryptography</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0065</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0529</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JDMSC-3102</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Local and strong metric dimension of families of alternate snake graphs</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pahal</surname>
            <given-names>Sunny</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics &amp; Data Science, Sharda School of Engineering &amp; Science, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Lal</surname>
            <given-names>Sohan</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics &amp; Data Science, Sharda School of Engineering &amp; Science, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bhat</surname>
            <given-names>Vijay Kumar</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>School of Mathematics, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, 182320, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>29</volume>
      <issue>9-A</issue>
      <fpage>3485</fpage>
      <lpage>3502</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>Consider G = (V, E) be an undirected, non-trivial, simple, and connected graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G). A subset ℛ ⊆ V(G) is called a local resolving set for G if, for every pair of adjacent vertices say u, v ∈ V(G)\ℛ, there exists a vertex t ∈ ℛ such that d(u, t) ≠ d(v, t). A vertex t is said to be strongly resolve two vertices u and v if, either v belongs to a shortest path connecting u and t, or u belongs to a shortest path connecting v and t. The minimum cardinality of a local resolving set is called the local metric dimension (LMD) of G, while the minimum cardinality of a strong resolving set is known as the strong metric dimension (SMD) of G. It is well known that the problem of determining these resolving sets is NP-complete and plays an important role in graph theory with many real-world applications, including transportation systems, robot navigation, and network analysis. In this paper, we determine the local and strong resolving sets for the families of alternate snake graphs and prove that each family possesses an independent resolving set with a cardinality of two.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Resolving set</kwd>
        <kwd>Strong resolving graph</kwd>
        <kwd>Local metric dimension</kwd>
        <kwd>Strong metric dimension</kwd>
        <kwd>Snake graphs</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
