<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-discrete-mathematical-sciences-and-cryptography</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0065</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0529</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JDMSC-2859</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>3-equitable prime cordial labeling : MATLAB techniques for analyzing cycle twin chord graphs</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Hudaify</surname>
            <given-names>Salim  Said Al</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics and Information Technology, Centre for Preparatory Studies, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Natour</surname>
            <given-names>Mohammad   Al</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics and Information Technology, Centre for Preparatory Studies, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>29</volume>
      <issue>9-A</issue>
      <fpage>3419</fpage>
      <lpage>3433</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>Graph labeling methods are necessary in addressing complex matters in a Mobile Ad- Hoc Network (MANET) such as connectivity, scaling, routing, and modeling the network. We can make measurements reasonably confident by structuring networks in the form of graphs, by representing them using matrices and by considering mathematical graph theory as the foundational analytical basis. The management of the network will be automated by algorithms, whereas simulating the networks are basic elements of networks, node density, node mobility, and link formation as well as packet routing in relation to the random graph theory. The research of congestion analysis of MANETs can be analyzed using various algorithms, all of which initially dwell on the principles of the graph theory. In this paper, certain programming of MATLAB will be introduced to investigate how 3-equity prime cordial labeling acts in cycle graphs with twin chords, and hence it may clarify the intricate dynamics of a MANET.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs)</kwd>
        <kwd>Twin chord cycle</kwd>
        <kwd>Graph labelling</kwd>
        <kwd>Prime labelling</kwd>
        <kwd>3-equitable graph</kwd>
        <kwd>3-equitable prime cordial labeling</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
